A 73-year-old man presents to your clinic for a routine checkup. His medical history is notable for a previous myocardial infarction. He states that he has not seen a doctor in "many years". He has no complaints. When you auscultate over the cardiac apex with the bell of your stethoscope, you notice an additional sound immediately preceding S1. This extra heart sound is most likely indicative of which of the following processes?
ADecreased left ventricular compliance
BIncreased left ventricular compliance
CIncreased pulmonary compliance
DDecreased left ventricular filling volume
EIncreased left ventricular filling volume
A 49-year-old man presents to his physician complaining of weakness and fatigue. On exam, you note significant peripheral edema. Transthoracic echocardiogram is performed and reveals a preserved ejection fraction with impaired diastolic relaxation. A representative still image is shown in Image A. Which of the following is likely the cause of this patient's symptoms?
AHemochromatosis
BHeavy, long-term alcohol consumption
CHistory of myocardial infarction
DHistory of a recent viral infection
EPrevious treatment with doxorubicin
An 83-year-old male presents with dyspnea, orthopnea, and a chest radiograph demonstrating pulmonary edema. A diagnosis of congestive heart failure is considered. The following clinical measurements are obtained: 100 bpm heart rate, 0.2 mL O2/mL systemic blood arterial oxygen content, 0.1 mL O2/mL pulmonary arterial oxygen content, and 400 mL O2/min oxygen consumption. Using the above information, which of the following values represents this patient's cardiac stroke volume?
A30 mL/beat
B70 mL/beat
C40 mL/beat
D60 mL/beat
E50 mL/beat
+ 7 more in the PDF
Browse all chapters