A 60-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by ambulance after suffering a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. The seizure lasted 2 minutes, followed by a short period of unresponsiveness and loud breathing. Her blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg, the heart rate is 76/min, and the respiratory rate is 15/min and regular. On physical examination, the patient is confused but follows commands and cannot recall recent events. The patient does not present with any other neurological deficits. T1/T2 MRI of the brain demonstrates a hypointense, contrast-enhancing mass within the right frontal lobe, surrounded by significant cerebral edema. Which of the following would you expect in the tissue surrounding the described lesion?
ALoss of endothelial tight junctions
BReplacement of interstitial fluid with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
CIncreased intracellular concentrations of osmolytes
DUpregulation of aquaporin-4
EIncreased interstitial fluid low in protein
An experimental infusable drug, X729, is currently being studied to determine its pharmacokinetics. The drug was found to have a half life of 1.5 hours and is eliminated by first order kinetics. What is the minimum number of hours required to reach a steady state concentration of >90%?
A6
B3
C7.5
D1.5
E4.5
An investigator is developing a drug that selectively inhibits the retrograde axonal transport of rabies virus towards the central nervous system. To achieve this effect, this drug must target which of the following?
ADynein
BTubulin
CNidogen
DKinesin
EAcetylcholine
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