A 65-year-old patient presents with acute left lower quadrant abdominal pain and is diagnosed with diverticulitis. Which of the following is most likely to have prevented this patient's condition?
AAnticoagulation with warfarin
BHigh-fiber diet
CDifferent antibiotic regimen for bronchitis
DSitz baths and nifedipine suppositories
ELong-term use of aspirin
A 28-year-old woman has a follow-up visit with her physician. She was diagnosed with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma at 11 years of age. Her regular controller medications include daily high-dose inhaled corticosteroids and montelukast, but she still needs to use a rescue inhaler 3–4 times a week following exercise. She also becomes breathless with moderate exertion. After a thorough evaluation, the physician explains that her medication dosages need to be increased. She declines taking oral corticosteroids daily due to concerns about side effects. The physician prescribes omalizumab, which is administered subcutaneously every 3 weeks. Which of the following best explains the mechanism of action of the new medication that has been added to the controller medications?
APrevention of binding of IgE antibodies to mast cell receptors
BInhibition of synthesis of interleukin-4 (IL-4)
CInhibition of synthesis of IgE antibodies
DSelective binding to interleukin-3 (IL-3) and inhibition of its actions
EPrevention of binding of interleukin-5 (IL-5) to its receptors
A 47-year-old woman presents to the physician with complaints of fatigue accompanied by symmetric pain, swelling, and stiffness in her wrists, fingers, knees, and other joints. She describes the stiffness as being particularly severe upon awakening, but gradually improves as she moves throughout her day. Her physician initially suggests that she take NSAIDs. However, after a few months of minimal symptomatic improvement, she is prescribed an immunosuppressive drug that has a mechanism of preventing IL-2 transcription. What is the main toxicity that the patient must be aware of with this particular class of drugs?
APancytopenia
BOsteoporosis
CHepatotoxicity
DNephrotoxicity
EHyperglycemia
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