A 7-day-old male infant presents to the pediatrician for weight loss. There is no history of excessive crying, irritability, lethargy, or feeding difficulty. The parents deny any history of fast breathing, bluish discoloration of lips/nails, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, or seizures. He was born at full term by vaginal delivery without any perinatal complications and his birth weight was 3.6 kg (8 lb). Since birth he has been exclusively breastfed and passes urine six to eight times a day. His physical examination, including vital signs, is completely normal. His weight is 3.3 kg (7.3 lb); length and head circumference are normal for his age and sex. Which of the following is the next best step in the management of the infant?
AReassurance of parents
BEvaluation of the mother for malnutrition
CAdmission of the infant in the NICU to treat with empiric intravenous antibiotics
DEmphasize the need to clothe the infant warmly to prevent hypothermia
ESupplementation of breastfeeding with an appropriate infant formula
A 4-year-old boy presents to the emergency department after his parents found him drinking blue liquid out of an unlabeled bottle in the garage. They have no idea what was in the bottle and are concerned for his health. They have brought the bottle with them to the emergency department. The child's past medical history is not remarkable, and he is currently not taking any medications. The patient's vitals are within normal limits for his age. Physical exam reveals a crying child who is drooling. A radiograph is performed, and the child's vitals are closely monitored. It is determined that the blue liquid is a strong alkali. Which of the following is the best next step in management?
AAdministration of a diluent
BGastrografin swallow and endoscopy
CAdministration of a weak acid
DCharcoal
EIpecac
A 5-month-old boy is brought to the pediatrician by his parents, who began noticing that the infant was not able to hold his head upright when sitting or in a prone position. Upon examination, the infant has a musty odor, fair skin with patches of eczema, and blue eyes. The pediatrician orders laboratory tests and prescribes a special diet. Which of the following amino acids becomes essential and must be supplemented in this patient's condition?
AThiamine
BLarge neutral amino acids
CArginine
DPhenylalanine-free amino acid formula
ETyrosine
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