A neonate born at 33 weeks is transferred to the NICU after a complicated pregnancy and C-section. A week after being admitted, he developed a fever and became lethargic and minimally responsive to stimuli. A lumbar puncture is performed that reveals the following: Appearance Cloudy Protein 64 mg/dL Glucose 22 mg/dL Pressure 330 mm H20 Cells 295 cells/mm³ (> 90% PMN) A specimen is sent to microbiology and reveals gram-negative rods. Which of the following is the next appropriate step in management?
AMRI scan of the head
BStart the patient on IV ceftriaxone
CProvide supportive measures only
DStart the patient on IV cefotaxime
EStart the patient on oral rifampin
A 74-year-old man is admitted to the medical ward after he developed a fungal infection. He has aplastic anemia. The most recent absolute neutrophil count was 450/µL. An anti-fungal agent is administered that inhibits the fungal enzyme, (1→3)-β-D-glucan synthase, and thereby disrupts the integrity of the fungal cell wall. He responds well to the treatment. Although amphotericin B is more efficacious for his condition, it was not used because of the side effect profile. What was the most likely infection?
AInvasive aspergillosis
BMucormycosis
CHistoplasmosis
DParacoccidioidomycosis
ECandidemia
A 3-month-old male is brought to the emergency room by his mother who reports that the child has a fever. The child was born at 39 weeks of gestation and is at the 15th and 10th percentiles for height and weight, respectively. The child has a history of eczema. Physical examination reveals an erythematous fluctuant mass on the patient's inner thigh. His temperature is 101.1°F (38.4°C), blood pressure is 125/70 mmHg, pulse is 120/min, and respirations are 22/min. The mass is drained and the child is started on broad-spectrum antibiotics until the culture returns. The physician also orders a flow cytometry reduction of dihydrorhodamine, which is found to be abnormal. This patient is at increased risk of infections with which of the following organisms?
AGiardia lamblia
BStreptococcus viridans
CAspergillus fumigatus
DEnterococcus faecalis
EStreptococcus pyogenes
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