A 10-year-old boy with trisomy 21 arrives for his annual check-up with his pediatrician. His parents explain that over the past week, he has been increasingly withdrawn and lethargic. On examination, lymph nodes appear enlarged around the left side of his neck; otherwise, there are no remarkable findings. The pediatrician orders some routine blood work. These are the results of his complete blood count: WBC 30.4 K/μL RBC 1.6 M/μL Hemoglobin 5.1 g/dL Hematocrit 15% MCV 71 fL MCH 19.5 pg MCHC 28 g/dL Platelets 270 K/μL Differential: Neutrophils 4% Lymphocytes 94% Monocytes 2% Peripheral smear demonstrates evidence of immature cells and the case is referred to hematopathology. On flow cytometry, the cells are found to be CALLA (CD10) negative. Which of the following diseases is most associated with these clinical and cytological findings?
APrecursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma
BHairy cell leukemia
CClassic Hodgkin’s lymphoma
DDiffuse large B-cell lymphoma
EPrecursor T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma
A 53-year-old man comes to the physician for recurring fever and night sweats for the past 6 months. The fevers persist for 7 to 10 days and then subside completely for about a week before returning again. During this period, he has also noticed two painless lumps on his neck that have gradually increased in size. Over the past year, he has had an 8.2-kg (18.1 lbs) weight loss. Two years ago, he had a severe sore throat and fever, which was diagnosed as infectious mononucleosis. He has smoked a pack of cigarettes daily for the past 10 years. He does not drink alcohol. His job involves monthly international travel to Asia and Africa. He takes no medications. His temperature is 39°C (102.2°F), pulse is 90/min, respirations are 22/min, and blood pressure is 105/60 mm Hg. Physical examination shows 2 enlarged, nontender, fixed cervical lymph nodes on each side of the neck. Microscopic examination of a specimen obtained on biopsy of a cervical lymph node is shown. Which of the following additional findings is most likely present in this patient?
AAcid fast bacilli in the sputum
BLeukocyte count > 500,000/μL
CCD15/30 positive cells
DAuer rods on peripheral smear
EAnti-viral capsid antigen IgG and IgM positive
A 5-year-old boy presents to his pediatrician with weakness. His father observed that his son seemed less energetic at daycare and kindergarten classes. He was becoming easily fatigued from mild play. His temperature is 98°F (37°C), blood pressure is 90/60 mmHg, pulse is 100/min, and respirations are 20/min. Physical exam reveals pale conjunctiva, poor skin turgor and capillary refill, and cervical and axillary lymphadenopathy with assorted bruises throughout his body. A complete blood count reveals the following: Leukocyte count: 3,000/mm^3 Segmented neutrophils: 30% Bands: 5% Eosinophils: 5% Basophils: 10% Lymphocytes: 40% Monocytes: 10% Hemoglobin: 7.1 g/dL Hematocrit: 22% Platelet count: 50,000/mm^3 The most specific diagnostic assessment would most likely show which of the following?
ABone marrow biopsy with ≥ 20% lymphoblasts
BFluorescence in situ hybridization analysis with 9:22 translocation
CPeripheral blood smear with > 50% lymphoblasts
DFlow cytometry with positive terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase staining
EFluorescence in situ hybridization analysis with 12:21 translocation
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