A 31-year-old woman returns to her primary care provider for a follow-up visit. At a routine health maintenance visit 2 months ago, her blood pressure (BP) was 181/97 mm Hg. She has adhered to a low-salt diet and exercises regularly. On repeat examination 1 month later, her BP was 178/93, and she was prescribed hydrochlorothiazide and lisinopril. The patient denies any complaint, except for occasional headaches. Now, her BP is 179/95 in the right arm and 181/93 in the left arm. Physical examination reveals an abdominal bruit that lateralizes to the left. A magnetic resonance angiogram of the renal arteries is shown in the image. Which of the following is the best next step for the management of this patient condition?
ABalloon angioplasty
BIntravenous phentolamine
CStenting
DAdd statin and aspirin
ESurgical reconstruction
A 60-year-old African American woman presents to her family physician with shortness of breath on exertion. She also describes shortness of breath when she lies down to go to bed at night, as well as recent swelling in her ankles. Past medical history is significant for long-standing hypertension, for which she takes amlodipine and lisinopril. Her temperature is 36.8°C (98.2°F), the heart rate is 90/min, the respiratory rate is 15/min, and the blood pressure is 135/80 mm Hg. The physical exam is significant for JVD, lower extremity pitting edema, laterally displaced PMI, left ventricular heave, bilateral pulmonary crackles, and an S4 heart sound. Chest X-ray demonstrates pulmonary vascular congestion, Kerley B lines, and cardiomegaly. Echocardiogram demonstrates a preserved ejection fraction. Kidney biopsy would likely demonstrate which of the following?
AThinning of the intima and media
BOnion-skinning
CNodular sclerosis
DIntimal thickening and medial hypertrophy
EFibrinoid necrosis
A 50-year-old man is brought to the hospital after being found unresponsive in his bed in the morning. He is declared dead on arrival in the emergency room. His wife states that he always had uncontrolled hypertension despite being on multiple medications. An autopsy is performed, and the cause of his death is found to be a hemorrhage in his right basal ganglia. On microscopic examination, the branches of the renal artery have concentric endothelial proliferation with prominent narrowing of the lumen resulting in focal ischemia and hemorrhage of the renal parenchyma. Which of the following is most likely related to the findings in this patient?
ARaised cholesterol level in the blood
BElevated ammonia level in the blood
CRaised calcium level in the blood
DRaised renin level in the blood
EElevated C-reactive protein in the blood
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