A 25-year-old woman presents to an urgent care center following a bee sting while at a picnic with her friends. She immediately developed a skin rash and swelling over her arm and face. She endorses diffuse itching over her torso. Past medical history is significant for a mild allergy to pet dander and ragweed. She occasionally takes oral contraceptive pills and diphenhydramine for her allergies. Family history is noncontributory. Her blood pressure is 119/81 mm Hg, heart rate is 101/min, respiratory rate is 21/min, and temperature is 37°C (98.6°F). On physical examination, the patient has severe edema over her face and severe stridor with inspiration at the base of both lungs. Of the following options, this patient is likely experiencing which of the following hypersensitivity reactions?
AType 2 - cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction
BType 1 - anaphylactic hypersensitivity reaction
CBoth A & B
DType 4 - cell mediated (delayed) hypersensitivity reaction
EType 3 - immune complex mediated hypersensitivity reaction
A 60-year-old man who recently immigrated from South America schedules an appointment with a physician to complete his pre-employment health clearance form. According to company policy, a skin test for tuberculosis must be administered to all new employees. Thus, he received an intradermal injection of purified protein derivative (PPD) on his left forearm. After 48 hours, a 14-mm oval induration is noticed. The type of cells most likely present and responsible for the indurated area will have which of the following characteristic features?
AThey are rich in myeloperoxidase enzyme.
BThey need thymus for their maturation.
CThey play an important part in allergic reactions.
DThey have multiple-lobed nucleus.
ETheir half-life is 24–48 hours.
A 55-year-old man with a history of fatigue and exertional dyspnea presents to the urgent care clinic following an acute upper respiratory illness. On physical examination, his pulses are bounding, his complexion is very pale, and scleral icterus is apparent. The spleen is moderately enlarged. Oxygen saturation is 79% at rest, with a new oxygen requirement of 9 L by a non-rebreather mask. Laboratory analysis results show a hemoglobin level of 6.8 g/dL. Of the following options, which hypersensitivity reaction does this condition represent?
AType III–immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity reaction
BType I–anaphylactic hypersensitivity reaction
CType IV–cell-mediated (delayed) hypersensitivity reaction
DType II–cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction
EType II and III–mixed cytotoxic and immune complex hypersensitivity reaction
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