The surgical equipment used during a craniectomy is sterilized using pressurized steam at 121°C for 15 minutes. Reuse of these instruments can cause transmission of which of the following pathogens?
ANon-enveloped viruses
BSporulating bacteria
CPrions
DEnveloped viruses
EYeasts
A multicentric, ambidirectional cohort study (i.e. a study that combines elements of both prospective and retrospective cohort studies) was designed in order to evaluate the relationship between nasal colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and exposure to patients in intensive-care units of several tertiary hospital centers. The sample included 1,000 physicians who worked in the hospital environment and who willingly underwent swabbing of their nasal vestibule and nasopharynx for active surveillance. Data of their working location was obtained from hospital administrative services. Of those who worked in the intensive care unit, 350 were colonized with MRSA, while 250 were not. Whereas in those that worked in other hospital wards, 100 were colonized with MRSA, and 300 were not. What is the relative risk of MRSA colonization in relation to working in the intensive-care unit?
A3.22
B2.33
C0.43
D1.66
E0.18
A 12-month-old girl is brought to her pediatrician for a checkup and vaccines. The patient’s mother wants to send her to daycare but is worried about exposure to unvaccinated children and other potential sources of infection. The toddler was born at 39 weeks gestation via spontaneous vaginal delivery. She is up to date on all vaccines. She does not walk yet but stands in place and can say a few words. The toddler drinks formula and eats a mixture of soft vegetables and pureed meals. She has no current medications. On physical exam, the vital signs include: temperature 37.0°C (98.6°F), blood pressure 95/50 mm Hg, pulse 130/min, and respiratory rate 28/min. The patient is alert and responsive. The remainder of the exam is unremarkable. Which of the following is most appropriate for this patient at this visit?
AMeningococcal vaccine
BGross motor workup and evaluation
CRotavirus vaccine
DReferral for speech pathology
EMMR vaccine
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