Part of the success of the Streptococcus pyogenes bacterium lies in its ability to evade phagocytosis. Which of the following helps in this evasion?
AStreptolysin S
BStreptolysin O
CStreptokinase
DM protein
EPyrogenic toxin
A 49-year-old male complains of abdominal discomfort that worsens following meals. A gastric biopsy reveals a 2 cm gastric ulcer, and immunohistochemical staining demonstrates the presence of a rod-shaped bacterium in the gastric mucosa. Which of the following is used by the infiltrating pathogen to neutralize gastric acidity?
AMucinase
BLT toxin
CFlagella
DBismuth
EUrease
A microbiology student was given a swab containing an unknown bacteria taken from the wound of a soldier and asked to identify the causative agent. She determined that the bacteria was a gram-positive, spore-forming bacilli, but had difficulty narrowing it down to the specific bacteria. The next test she performed was the Nagler's test, in which she grew the bacteria on a plate made from egg yolk, which would demonstrate the ability of the bacteria to hydrolyze phospholipids and produce an area of opacity. Half the plate contained a specific antitoxin which prevented hydrolysis of phospholipids while the other half did not contain any antitoxin. The bacteria produced an area of opacity only on half of the plate containing no antitoxin. Which of the following toxins was the antitoxin targeting?
AAlpha toxin
BExotoxin A
CTetanus toxin
DDiphtheria toxin
EBotulinum toxin
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