A group of neurologists develop a new blood test for Alzheimer's. They are optimistic about the test, as they have found that for any given patient, the test repeatedly produces very similar results. However, they find that the new test results are not necessarily consistent with the gold standard of diagnosis. How would this new test most accurately be described?
AValid and reliable
BReliable
CValid
DBiased
ENeither valid nor reliable
A 55-year-old caucasian man presents to his primary care physician with a complaint of double vision, which started suddenly with no precipitating trauma. Twelve years ago, he presented to his physician with painful vision loss, which has since resolved. Since that initial episode, he had numerous episodes early-on in his disease course: two additional episodes of painful vision loss, as well as three episodes of right arm weakness and three episodes of urinary retention requiring catheterization. All of his prior episodes responded to supportive therapy and steroids. Which of the following features of this patient's disease is linked to a more benign disease course?
AGender
BAge at onset
CNumber of episodes early in the disease
DInitial presenting symptoms
ERace
A mother presents to the family physician with her 16-year-old son. She explains, "There's something wrong with him doc. His grades are getting worse, he's cutting class, he's gaining weight, and his eyes are often bloodshot." Upon interviewing the patient apart from his mother, he seems withdrawn and angry at times when probed about his social history. The patient denies abuse and sexual history. What initial test should be sent to rule out the most likely culprit of this patient's behavior?
AComplete blood count
BSexually transmitted infection (STI) testing
CBlood culture
DUrine toxicology screen
ESlit lamp examination
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