A 33-year-old woman comes to the physician 1 week after noticing a lump in her right breast. Fifteen years ago, she was diagnosed with osteosarcoma of her left distal femur. Her father died of an adrenocortical carcinoma at the age of 41 years. Examination shows a 2-cm, firm, immobile mass in the lower outer quadrant of the right breast. A core needle biopsy of the mass shows adenocarcinoma. Genetic analysis in this patient is most likely to show a defect in which of the following genes?
ABRCA1
BKRAS
CTP53
DRb
EPTEN
A 57-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 4-week history of constipation, episodic bloody stools, progressive fatigue, and a 5-kg (10.2-lb) weight loss. Digital rectal examination shows a hard, 1.5-cm rectal mass. A biopsy confirms the diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma. The patient begins treatment with a combination chemotherapy regimen that includes a drug that is also used in the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration. This drug most likely acts by inhibiting which of the following substances?
AVascular endothelial growth factor
BInterferon-alpha
CMetalloproteinase
DFibroblast growth factor
EEpidermal growth factor
A 30-year-old woman presents to her physician for her annual checkup. She has diabetes mellitus, type 1 and takes insulin regularly. She reports no incidents of elevated or low blood sugar and that she is feeling energetic and ready to face the morning every day. Her vital signs and physical are normal. On the way home from her checkup she stops by the pharmacy and picks up her prescription of insulin. Later that night she takes a dose. What is the signaling mechanism associated with this medication?
AIncreased concentration intracellular cAMP
BIncreased permeability of the cell membrane to negatively charged molecules
CActivation of tyrosine kinase
DRapid and direct upregulation of enzyme transcription
EIncreased permeability of the cell membrane to positively charged molecules
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