A 38-year-old man presents with concerns after finding out that his father was recently diagnosed with colon cancer. Family history is only significant for his paternal grandfather who also had colon cancer. A screening colonoscopy is performed, and a polyp is found in the ascending (proximal) colon, which on biopsy shows adenocarcinoma. A mutation in a gene that is responsible for which of the following cellular functions is the most likely etiology of this patient’s cancer?
ADNA mismatch repair
BSignal transduction
CCytoskeletal stability
DInhibits progression from G1 to S phase
EInhibitor of apoptosis
A 62-year-old woman comes to the physician for evaluation of a mole on her forearm that has increased in size over the last several months. Physical examination shows a 9-mm skin lesion on the right forearm with irregular borders. An excisional biopsy is performed, and genetic analysis shows a mutation in the gene that encodes B-Raf. Which of the following cellular events most likely predisposed this patient to developing this skin lesion?
ADeamination of cytosine, guanine, and adenine nucleotides
BRelocation of a chromosomal segment onto a nonhomologous chromosome
CFormation of covalent bonds between adjacent pyrimidine bases
DInsufficient phosphorylation of p53
EDouble-strand breaks in DNA molecules
A 28-year-old patient presents to a medical office for a consultation regarding a mole on her nose that is increasing in size. She also complains of frequent headaches, which she associates with stress on the job. She works as a civil engineer and spends much of her time outside. Her past medical history is positive for bronchial asthma; nevertheless, her vitals are stable. The mole is 8 mm in diameter, has irregular borders, and is brown in color. A biopsy is performed and sent for genetic analysis. A mutation is found. A mutation in which gene is characteristic of this patient’s main diagnosis?
ADCC
BAPC
CBRAF
Dc-MYC
EBCL-2
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