A 33-year-old woman comes to the physician 1 week after noticing a lump in her right breast. Fifteen years ago, she was diagnosed with osteosarcoma of her left distal femur. Her father died of an adrenocortical carcinoma at the age of 41 years. Examination shows a 2-cm, firm, immobile mass in the lower outer quadrant of the right breast. A core needle biopsy of the mass shows adenocarcinoma. Genetic analysis in this patient is most likely to show a defect in which of the following genes?
ABRCA1
BKRAS
CTP53
DRb
EPTEN
During the third week of development, the blastocyst undergoes a variety of differentiation processes responsible for the formation of the gastrula and, eventually, the embryo. This differentiation creates cell lineages that eventually become a variety of body systems. What cell lineage, present at this date, is responsible for the formation of the liver?
ANeuroectoderm
BSyncytiotrophoblasts
CEctoderm
DEndoderm
EMesoderm
A 67-year-old man is referred to a dermatologist after a reddish mole appears on his nose. The mole’s size has changed over the last 2 years, and occasional bleeding is noted. The man’s medical history is unremarkable, and he does not take any medications. He retired from his construction job 15 years ago. Physical examination of his nose reveals a 2-cm pink papule with a pearly appearance and overlying telangiectasia on the ala of the nose (see image). Which of the following would be the best treatment modality if surgery is not an option?
ARadiation therapy
BImiquimod
CInterferon
D5-fluorouracil
EPhotodynamic therapy
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