A 45-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by ambulance after vomiting blood. The patient reports that he only ate a small snack the morning before and had not eaten anything for over 24 hours. At the hospital, the patient is stabilized. He is admitted to a surgical floor and placed on NPO with a nasogastric tube set to intermittent suction. He has been previously diagnosed with liver cirrhosis. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) has been planned for the next afternoon. At the time of endoscopy, some pathways were generating glucose to maintain serum glucose levels. Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the irreversible biochemical reaction of this process?
AGlucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
BGlycogen phosphorylase
CEnolase
DGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
EFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
A 16-year-old boy presents with acute left-sided weakness. The patient is obtunded and can not provide any history other than his stomach hurts. The patient’s friend states that the patient has had episodes like this in the past and that “he has the same weird disease as his mom”. On physical examination, strength is 1 out of 5 in the left upper and lower extremities. A noncontrast CT scan of the head is normal. Laboratory tests reveal an anion gap metabolic acidosis. Which of the following is a normal function of the structure causing this patient’s condition?
ARegulation of blood glucose
BSynthesis of fatty acids
CProduction of bile acids
DMetabolism of purines
EConversion of ammonia to urea
A 26-year-old African American man comes to the physician because of a 3-day history of fatigue, back pain, and dark urine. One week ago, he developed a headache and was treated with aspirin. He does not smoke or use illicit drugs. Physical examination shows conjunctival pallor. A peripheral blood smear shows erythrocytes with inclusions of denatured hemoglobin. Which of the following enzymes is involved in providing precursors for nucleotide synthesis in this patient?
AGlucose-6-phosphatase
BCarbamoyl phosphate synthetase I
CPyruvate carboxylase
DTransaldolase
EEnolase
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