A 16-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department after being tackled at a football game. Per his mom, he is the quarterback of his team and was head-butted in the left shoulder region by the opposing team. Shortly after, the mother noticed that his left arm was hanging by his torso and his hand was “bent backwards and facing the sky.” The patient denies head trauma, loss of consciousness, sensory changes, or gross bleeding. A physical examination demonstrates weakness in abduction, lateral rotation, flexion, and supination of the left arm and tenderness of the left shoulder region with moderate bruising. Radiograph of the left shoulder and arm is unremarkable. Which of the following is most likely damaged in this patient?
AC5-C6 nerve roots
BUlnar nerve
CC8-T1 nerve roots
DLong thoracic nerve
A 43-year-old woman comes to the physician because of tingling and weakness in her left arm for the past 2 days. An image of the brachial plexus is shown. Nerve conduction study shows decreased transmission of electrical impulses in the labeled structure. Physical examination is most likely to show impairment of which of the following movements?
AOpposition of the thumb
BFlexion of the forearm
CAbduction of the shoulder above 100 degrees
DExtension of the wrist and fingers
EFlexion of the metacarpophalangeal joints
A 31-year-old woman presents with difficulty walking and climbing stairs for the last 3 weeks. She has no history of trauma. The physical examination reveals a waddling gait with the trunk swaying from side-to-side towards the weight-bearing limb. When she stands on her right leg, the pelvis on the left side falls. When she stands on her left leg, the pelvis remains level. Which of the following nerves is most likely injured in this patient?
ARight inferior gluteal nerve
BRight obturator nerve
CRight superior gluteal nerve
DRight femoral nerve
ELeft femoral nerve
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