During a surgical procedure to repair an abdominal aortic aneurysm, the surgeon must be careful to avoid injury to which of the following arterial structures that originates near the level of the renal vessels?
ALeft renal artery
BCeliac trunk
CRight renal artery
DSuperior mesenteric artery
A 24-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of abdominal pain, fever, nausea, and vomiting for 12 hours. Her abdominal pain was initially dull and diffuse but has progressed to a sharp pain on the lower right side. Two years ago she had to undergo right salpingo-oophorectomy after an ectopic pregnancy. Her temperature is 38.7°C (101.7°F). Physical examination shows severe right lower quadrant tenderness with rebound tenderness; bowel sounds are decreased. Laboratory studies show leukocytosis with left shift. An abdominal CT scan shows a distended, edematous appendix. The patient is taken to the operating room for an appendectomy. During the surgery, the adhesions from the patient's previous surgery make it difficult for the resident physician to identify the appendix. Her attending mentions that she should use a certain structure for guidance to locate the appendix. The attending is most likely referring to which of the following structures?
AEpiploic appendages
BRight ureter
CDeep inguinal ring
DIleocolic artery
ETeniae coli
A 48-year-old woman presents to the emergency department because of increasingly severe right upper abdominal pain, fever, and non-bloody vomiting for the last 5 hours. The pain is dull, intermittent, and radiates to her right shoulder. During the past 3 months, she has had recurring abdominal discomfort after meals. The patient underwent an appendectomy more than 30 years ago. She has hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2, and chronic back pain. She takes bisoprolol, metformin, and ibuprofen daily. She is 171 cm (5 ft 6 in) tall and weighs 99 kg (218 lb). Her BMI is 35.2 kg/m2. She appears uncomfortable and is clutching her abdomen. Her temperature is 38.5°C (101.3°F), pulse is 108/min, and blood pressure is 150/82 mm Hg. Abdominal examination shows right upper quadrant abdominal tenderness and guarding. Upon deep palpation of the right upper quadrant, the patient pauses during inspiration. Laboratory studies show the following: Blood Hemoglobin 13.1 g/dL Leukocyte count 10,900/mm3 Platelet count 236,000/mm3 Mean corpuscular volume 89/µm3 Serum Urea nitrogen 28 mg/dL Glucose 89 mg/dL Creatinine 0.7 mg/dL Bilirubin Total 1.6 mg/dL Direct 1.1 mg/dL Alkaline phosphatase 79 U/L Alanine aminotransferase (ALT, GPT) 28 U/L Aspartate aminotransferase (AST, GOT) 32 U/L An X-ray of the abdomen shows no abnormalities. Further evaluation of the patient is most likely to reveal which of the following?
AHistory of recent travel to Indonesia
BFrequent, high-pitched bowel sounds on auscultation
CHistory of multiple past pregnancies
DElevated carbohydrate-deficient transferrin
EHistory of recurrent sexually transmitted infections
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