A 45-year-old woman comes to the emergency department with recurrent episodes of shaking, sweating, and palpitations. The patient is confused and complains of hunger. One week ago, she had similar symptoms that improved after eating. She has hypertension and a history of biliary pancreatitis. She underwent cholecystectomy 1 year ago. She works as a nurse aide in a nursing care facility. She does not smoke or drink alcohol. She does not exercise. Her temperature is 36.7°C (98°F), pulse is 104/min, respirations are 20/min, and blood pressure is 135/88 mm Hg. Examination shows tremors and diaphoresis. Laboratory studies show: Blood glucose 50 mg/dL Thyroid-stimulating hormone 1 mU/L C-peptide 0.50 ng/mL (N=0.8–3.1) Abdominal ultrasound reveals a 1-cm anechoic lesion in the head of the pancreas. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's symptoms?
APancreatic neoplasm
BPancreatic pseudocyst
CGraves' disease
DSurreptitious insulin use
EType 1 diabetes mellitus
A 58-year-old woman with refractory gastrointestinal complaints undergoes a bowel biopsy. On histology, the pathologist observes that submucosal glands of Brunner are present in the specimen. Which portion of the bowel was most likely biopsied?
ADescending colon
BIleum
CJejunum
DCecum
EDuodenum
A histological examination of the carotid body reveals glomus cells containing dense-core vesicles. These cells function primarily as chemoreceptors for which of the following?
APartial pressure of oxygen
BBlood pH
CTemperature
DBlood glucose levels
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