A 43-year-old man comes to the physician because of weight loss and swelling on the left side of his neck. Physical examination shows a firm, enlarged left upper cervical lymph node that is immobile. Immunohistochemical testing performed on a biopsy specimen from the lymph node stains positive for cytokeratin. Which of the following is the most likely site of the primary neoplasm in this patient?
ANerve sheath
BBone
CMuscle
DSkin
ENasopharynx
An investigator is studying the effect of different cytokines on the growth and differentiation of B cells. The investigator isolates a population of B cells from the germinal center of a lymph node. After exposure to a particular cytokine, these B cells begin to produce an antibody that prevents attachment of pathogens to mucous membranes but does not fix complement. Which of the following cytokines is most likely responsible for the observed changes in B-cell function?
AInterleukin-5
BInterleukin-6
CInterleukin-8
DInterleukin-2
EInterleukin-4
Fluorescein is an artificial dark orange colored organic molecule used in the diagnosis of corneal ulcers and herpetic corneal infections. It is observed that, in experimental animals, the fluorescein binds to receptors on certain B cells, but it does not stimulate them to produce fluorescein specific antibodies unless it is first attached to a larger molecule such as albumin. Which of the following terms best describes fluorescein?
ATolerogen
BHapten
CImmunogen
DCarrier
EAdjuvant
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