A 29-year-old man presents to his primary care provider complaining of testicular pain. He reports a four-day history of dull chronic pain in his left testicle that is worse with standing. His past medical history is notable for asthma and major depressive disorder. He takes inhaled albuterol as needed and sertraline. He is sexually active with a single female partner and always uses barrier protection. His temperature is 99.2°F (37.3°C), blood pressure is 125/75 mmHg, pulse is 85/min, and respirations are 17/min. Physical examination reveals a non-tender twisted mass along the left spermatic cord that disappears when the patient lies supine. This patient’s condition most likely stems from decreased laminar flow at which of the following vascular junctions?
ADescending aorta – Left testicular artery
BLeft testicular vein – Left suprarenal vein
CLeft testicular vein – Inferior vena cava
DLeft testicular vein – Left renal vein
ELeft testicular vein – Left internal iliac vein
A healthy 30-year-old female has a measured creatinine clearance of 100 mL/min. She has a filtration fraction (FF) of 25%. Serum analysis reveals a creatinine level of 0.9 mg/dL and an elevated hematocrit of 0.6. Which of the following is the best estimate of this patient’s renal blood flow?
A1.2 L/min
B600 mL/min
C800 mL/min
D400 mL/min
E1.0 L/min
A 46-year-old woman presents to the clinic complaining that she “wets herself.” She states that over the past year she has noticed increased urinary leakage. At first it occurred only during her job, which involves restocking shelves with heavy appliances. Now she reports that she has to wear pads daily because leakage of urine will occur with simply coughing or sneezing. She denies fever, chills, dysuria, hematuria, or flank pain. She has no significant medical or surgical history, and takes no medications. Her last menstrual period was 8 months ago. She has 3 healthy daughters that were born by vaginal delivery. Which of the following tests, if performed, would most likely identify the patient’s diagnosis?
AMethylene blue dye
BPost-void residual volume
CUrodynamic testing
DEstrogen level
EQ-tip test
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