A 21-year-old man comes to the physician because of painful, firm, dark bumps on his neck and jawline. He has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. His brother had a similar rash. A photograph of the rash is shown. Which of the following is the most likely underlying mechanism of this patient's condition?
ATrichophyton infection of the superficial hair follicle
BInterfollicular penetration of the skin by distal end of hair
CBacterial infection of the superficial or deep hair follicle
DFollicular obstruction with subsequent duct rupture
ECutibacterium acnes colonization of the pilosebaceous unit
A 41-year-old male who takes NSAIDs regularly for his chronic back pain develops severe abdominal pain worse with eating. Upper endoscopy is performed and the medical student asks the supervising physician how the histological differentiation between a gastric ulcer and erosion is made. Which of the following layers of the gastric mucosa MUST be breached for a lesion to be considered an ulcer?
AEpithelium, lamina propria
BEpithelium
CEpithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa
DEpithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa, submucosa, and adventitia
EEpithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa, and submucosa
A 46-year-old woman presents to your office with oral lesions as shown in Image A. On examination, you find that her back has flaccid bullae that spread when you apply lateral pressure with your fingertips. This patient most likely has autoantibodies directed against which of the following?
AType VII collagen
BLamina densa
CHemidesmosomes
DLamina lucida
EDesmosomes
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