A 15-year-old boy comes to the physician because of skin changes on his face, chest, and back over the past year. Treatment with over-the-counter benzoyl peroxide has been ineffective. Physical examination shows numerous open comedones, inflammatory papules, and pustules on his face, chest, and back. Which of the following is the most likely underlying mechanism of this patient’s skin condition?
AHyperkeratinization of hair follicles
BType IV hypersensitivity reaction
CFormation of superficial epidermal inclusion cyst
DExcess androgen production
EHyperplasia of pilosebaceous glands
A 58-year-old woman with refractory gastrointestinal complaints undergoes a bowel biopsy. On histology, the pathologist observes that submucosal glands of Brunner are present in the specimen. Which portion of the bowel was most likely biopsied?
ADescending colon
BIleum
CJejunum
DCecum
EDuodenum
During a study on gastrointestinal hormones, a volunteer is administered the hormone secreted by S cells. Which of the following changes most likely represent the effect of this hormone on gastric and duodenal secretions? $$$ Gastric H+ %%% Duodenal HCO3- %%% Duodenal Cl- $$$
A↓ ↓ ↓
B↑ ↓ no change
C↑ ↑ ↓
D↓ ↑ ↓
E↓ no change no change
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