A 16-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department after being tackled at a football game. Per his mom, he is the quarterback of his team and was head-butted in the left shoulder region by the opposing team. Shortly after, the mother noticed that his left arm was hanging by his torso and his hand was “bent backwards and facing the sky.” The patient denies head trauma, loss of consciousness, sensory changes, or gross bleeding. A physical examination demonstrates weakness in abduction, lateral rotation, flexion, and supination of the left arm and tenderness of the left shoulder region with moderate bruising. Radiograph of the left shoulder and arm is unremarkable. Which of the following is most likely damaged in this patient?
AC5-C6 nerve roots
BUlnar nerve
CC8-T1 nerve roots
DLong thoracic nerve
A 30-year-old man presents with weakness in his right hand. He says he has been an avid cyclist since the age of 20. He denies any recent trauma. Physical examination reveals decreased sensations over the 4th and 5th digits with difficulty extending the 4th and 5th digits. Strength is 4 out of 5 in the extensor muscles of the right hand and wrist. When the patient is asked to extend his fingers, the result is shown in the image. Which of the following nerves is most likely damaged in this patient?
AMedian nerve
BMusculocutaneous nerve
CAxillary nerve
DUlnar nerve
ERadial nerve
A 51-year-old woman comes to the physician because of progressively worsening lower back pain. The pain radiates down the right leg to the lateral side of the foot. She has had no trauma, urinary incontinence, or fever. An MRI of the lumbar spine shows disc degeneration and herniation at the level of L5–S1. Which of the following is the most likely finding on physical examination?
ADifficulty walking on heels
BExaggerated patellar tendon reflex
CDiminished sensation of the anus and genitalia
DDiminished sensation of the anterior lateral thigh
EWeak Achilles tendon reflex
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