A 65-year-old man presents with painless hematuria. Cystoscopy shows a bladder tumor. Histology confirms transitional cell carcinoma. What is the most important risk factor for this condition?
AAlcohol consumption
BSmoking
CHigh-fat diet
DSedentary lifestyle
EFamily history
A 29-year-old woman at 32 weeks gestation presents to the obstetric assessment unit with headache and right upper quadrant pain. She has no significant past medical history. Blood pressure is 168/112 mmHg. Blood tests show: haemoglobin 102 g/L, platelets 88 × 10^9/L, ALT 245 U/L, AST 312 U/L, bilirubin 34 μmol/L, creatinine 145 μmol/L (booking creatinine was 68 μmol/L), LDH 680 U/L. Urinalysis shows protein 3+. Peripheral blood film shows schistocytes. What is the most appropriate immediate management?
ACommence IV magnesium sulphate and plan delivery within 24-48 hours
BCommence IV labetalol, IV magnesium sulphate, and arrange immediate delivery
CCommence plasma exchange for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
DCommence high-dose corticosteroids for HELLP syndrome
ETransfuse platelets and arrange delivery once platelets >100 × 10^9/L
A 38-year-old man with chronic kidney disease stage 5 (eGFR 10 mL/min/1.73m²) secondary to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is being prepared for renal replacement therapy. He has preserved urine output of approximately 1500 mL per day. He works full-time as a teacher and wishes to minimize time spent on dialysis. Blood tests show: haemoglobin 108 g/L, potassium 5.1 mmol/L, phosphate 1.72 mmol/L, albumin 36 g/L. He has good manual dexterity and lives with his partner. Which renal replacement modality would be most appropriate to offer first?
AContinuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)
BAutomated peritoneal dialysis (APD)
CIn-centre haemodialysis three times weekly
DHome haemodialysis
EPre-emptive renal transplantation
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