A 6-month-old baby presents with failure to thrive, chronic diarrhea, and recurrent respiratory infections. Sweat chloride test is 70 mmol/L (normal <40). What is the most likely diagnosis?
ACeliac disease
BCystic fibrosis
CImmunodeficiency
DInflammatory bowel disease
ELactose intolerance
A 16-year-old girl with type 1 diabetes for 10 years attends for transition planning to adult services. Her HbA1c has been consistently between 65-72 mmol/mol over the past 2 years. Annual screening shows persistent microalbuminuria (ACR 4.8 mg/mmol) and background diabetic retinopathy with scattered microaneurysms bilaterally. She is on appropriate therapy including an ACE inhibitor. She asks about her long-term prognosis. What is the most appropriate counselling regarding her microvascular complications?
AMicroalbuminuria at this stage is irreversible regardless of subsequent glycaemic control
BWith current control, progression to end-stage renal disease is inevitable within 10 years
COptimizing glycaemic control now can still slow progression even with established complications
DBackground retinopathy always progresses to proliferative retinopathy requiring laser therapy
EPresence of two microvascular complications indicates imminent need for renal transplantation
A 4-year-old boy with newly diagnosed generalized epilepsy is being commenced on sodium valproate. His mother asks about potential side effects. Which of the following monitoring investigations should be performed before starting sodium valproate and at regular intervals during treatment?
AFull blood count, renal function, and thyroid function tests
BLiver function tests, full blood count, and serum ammonia
CElectrocardiogram, liver function tests, and lipid profile
DFull blood count, vitamin D levels, and bone density scan
ERenal function, serum drug levels, and electroencephalogram
+ 7 more in the PDF
Browse all chapters