The following gram stain image shows which bacteria?
AStaphylococcus aureus
BListeria monocytogenes
CVibrio cholerae
DStreptococcus pneumoniae
Which of the following statement is false regarding bacterial cell wall?
ARegion II of LPS is core polysaccharide
BCell wall of Gram-positive bacteria is thicker than that of Gram-negative bacteria
CLPS is responsible for O antigen specificity of Gram-negative bacteria
DLipopolysaccharide is present in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria
A 34-year-old woman is seen in the emergency department. About 5 hours previously, she began to have nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea. She then developed double vision, which prompted her to ask her husband to bring her to the emergency department. When she is asked to go into the examining room, she stumbles. When she tries to answer questions, her voice sounds odd and she seems to mumble. Physical examination demonstrates a dry mouth, drooping eyelids, markedly diminished pupillary light reflex, a flaccid facial expression, and difficulty in opening her mouth. Within an hour, her condition has markedly deteriorated. She can no longer stand and is intubated because of difficulty breathing. Which of the following microbial species is MOST likely to have caused her condition?
AClostridium ramosum
BClostridium perfringens
CClostridium septicum
DClostridium botulinum
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