A 12 year old girl was brought with fever, malaise, and migrating polyarthritis. She had a history of recurrent throat infections in the past. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate is noted. Which among the following is NOT a major Jones criteria for diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever?
ARaised ESR
BChorea
CArthritis
DCarditis
A study of nosocomial infections involving urinary catheters is performed. The study shows that the longer an indwelling urinary catheter remains, the higher the rate of symptomatic urinary tract infections (UTIs). Most of these infections are bacterial. Which of the following properties of these bacteria increase the risk for nosocomial UTIs?
AEnzyme elaboration
BBiofilm formation
CQuorum sensing
DExotoxin release
Which organism causes prosthetic valve endocarditis within 60 days of surgery?
AStaphylococcus aureus
BStaphylococcus epidermidis
CFungus
DStreptococcus viridans
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