Which of the following surgical incisions is associated with the highest risk of postoperative pulmonary complications ?
AMedian sternotomy
BHorizontal laparotomy
CVertical laparotomy
DLateral thoracotomy
A chest X-ray shows bilateral lung infiltrates. What is the next best investigation?
ASputum examination
BCT
CBronchoscopy
DEchocardiography
Which of the following is the LEAST significant risk factor for postoperative pulmonary complications?
AAge >70
BPatient with 7 pack years of smoking
CUpper abdominal surgery
DBMI>30
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