A patient with heart failure presents with worsening peripheral edema. Which of the following mechanisms contributes most directly to this finding?
ALymphatic obstruction
BDecreased plasma oncotic pressure
CIncreased capillary hydrostatic pressure
DIncreased vascular permeability
A 65M presents with worsening dyspnea and leg swelling. Physical examination reveals an elevated jugular venous pressure and bilateral lower extremity pitting edema. Most likely cause of his symptoms?
AHypothyroidism
BRight-sided heart failure
CChronic kidney disease
DLiver cirrhosis
Interstitial fluid volume can be measured by:
ATritium oxide - Sodium thiosulfate
BInulin - Serum albumin labelled with radioactive Iodine
CInulin - Radioactive sodium
DAminopyrine - Sucrose
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