A 28-year-old woman is pinned by falling debris during a hurricane. An X-ray film of the leg reveals a compound fracture of the right tibia. The leg is immobilized in a cast for 6 weeks. When the cast is removed, the patient notices that her right leg is weak and visibly smaller in circumference than the left leg. Which of the following terms best describes this change in the patient's leg muscle?
AHyperplasia
BMetaplasia
CIschemic necrosis
DAtrophy
A woman on Pap smear shows disorganized growth of cells with hyperchromatic nuclei. Which phenomenon is occurring here?
AMetaplasia
BHypertrophy
CCarcinoma
DDysplasia
What is the most immediate hematological adaptation that occurs during high-altitude exposure to improve oxygen delivery to tissues?
AIncreased red blood cell mass
BReduced erythropoietin production
CIncreased white blood cell count
DIncreased 2,3-BPG levels
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