The initial origin of new drug resistance genes in bacteria most commonly occurs due to:
ATranslation
BMutation
CConjugation
DTransduction
The mechanism of direct transfer of free DNA involves _____
AMutation
BConjugation
CTransformation
DTransduction
The molecular basis of penicillin resistance in *S. pneumoniae* is:
AAlteration in cell membranes
BAlteration in the cell wall
CAlteration of penicillin-binding protein
DProduction of beta-lactamase enzyme
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