What is the volume threshold that defines a massive blood transfusion?
ATransfusion of 1 unit every 30 minutes for 6 hours.
BTransfusion of 5 units in 12 hours.
CMore than 10 units in 24 hours.
DTransfusion of 8 units in 24 hours.
In the initial management of a hemodynamically unstable polytrauma patient, what is the recommended initial crystalloid bolus dose of Ringer's lactate for assessment and stabilization?
A2000 ml Ringer's lactate bolus
B1000 ml Ringer's lactate bolus, then regulated by clinical indicators
C250 ml Ringer's lactate bolus
D500 ml Ringer's lactate bolus, then regulated by clinical indicators
A patient is in shock with gross comminuted fracture. The first step in management is to give
ABlood transfusion
BRinger's Lactate solution intravenously
CPlasma expanders
DNormal saline intravenously
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