Posterior cardinal veins develop into:
AParts of inferior vena cava
BCommon iliac vein
CHemiazygos vein
DAzygos vein
In which of the following locations should the incision be made for the saphenous cutdown procedure in an obese patient with no visible or palpable superficial veins, requiring intravenous fluids in shock?
AAnterior to the medial malleolus
BPosterior to the lateral malleolus
CAnterior to the lateral malleolus
DOn the dorsum of the foot
A 55-year-old male, known smoker, complains of calf pain while walking. He experiences calf pain while walking but can continue walking with effort. Which grade of claudication does this patient fall under?
AGrade I (Mild claudication)
BGrade II (Moderate claudication)
CGrade III (Severe claudication)
DGrade IV (Ischemic rest pain)
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