A study of nosocomial infections involving urinary catheters is performed. The study shows that the longer an indwelling urinary catheter remains, the higher the rate of symptomatic urinary tract infections (UTIs). Most of these infections are bacterial. Which of the following properties of these bacteria increase the risk for nosocomial UTIs?
AEnzyme elaboration
BBiofilm formation
CQuorum sensing
DExotoxin release
In postoperative intensive care unit, five patients developed postoperative wound infection on the same day. The best method to prevent cross infection occurring in other patients in the same ward is to:
APractice proper hand washing
BDisinfect the ward with sodium hypochlorite
CFumigate the ward
DGive antibiotics to all other patients in the ward
A 40-year-old patient presents with frequent watery diarrhea after a recent course of antibiotics. Stool toxin assay is positive for Clostridium difficile. What is the most appropriate treatment?
AIV metronidazole
BOral vancomycin
CIV ciprofloxacin
DOral doxycycline
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