Which of the following signs of congestive cardiac failure constitute a major risk to the surgical patient undergoing anaesthesia ?
APedal oedema
BJugular venous distention and third heart sound
CBasal crepitations on auscultation
DCardiomegaly
A 20-year-old woman with a family history of von Willebrand disease is found to have an activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) of 78 (normal = 32) on routine testing prior to cholecystectomy. Further investigation reveals a prothrombin time (PT) of 13 (normal = 12), a platelet count of 350,000/mm³, and an abnormal bleeding time. Which of the following should be administered in the perioperative period?
AFactor VIII
BDesmopressin (DDAVP)
CPlatelets
DVitamin K
What is the correct sequence of medication administration for pre-operative prophylaxis in pheochromocytoma?
ABeta blockade followed by alpha blockade
BSimultaneous alpha and beta blockade
CAlpha blockade followed by beta blockade
DAlpha blockade only
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