Prostate surgery basics — MCQs

A 68-year-old man with hypertension comes to the physician because of fatigue and difficulty initiating urination. He wakes up several times a night to urinate. He does not take any medications. His blood pressure is 166/82 mm Hg. Digital rectal examination shows a firm, non-tender, and uniformly enlarged prostate. Which of the following is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy?

A 65-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by ambulance after falling during a hiking trip. He was hiking with friends when he fell off a 3 story ledge and was not able to be rescued until 6 hours after the accident. On arrival, he is found to have multiple lacerations as well as a pelvic fracture. His past medical history is significant for diabetes and benign prostatic hyperplasia, for which he takes metformin and prazosin respectively. Furthermore, he has a family history of autoimmune diseases. Selected lab results are shown below: Serum: Na+: 135 mEq/L Creatinine: 1.5 mg/dL Blood urea nitrogen: 37 mg/dL Urine: Na+: 13.5 mEq/L Creatinine: 18 mg/dL Osmolality: 580 mOsm/kg Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's increased creatinine level?

A 40-year-old woman was admitted to the surgical service after an uncomplicated appendectomy. She underwent surgery yesterday and had an uneventful postoperative course. However, she now complains that she is unable to completely void. She also complains of pain in the suprapubic area. You examine her and confirm the tenderness and fullness in the suprapubic region. You ask the nurse to perform a bladder scan, which reveals 450cc. What is the next appropriate step in management?

Please refer to the summary above to answer this question Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Patient Information Age: 66 years Gender: M, self-identified Ethnicity: African-American Site of Care: office History Reason for Visit/Chief Concern: "I need to go to the bathroom all the time." History of Present Illness: 1-year history of frequent urination urinates every 2–3 hours during the day and wakes up at least 3 times at night to urinate has had 2 episodes of cystitis treated with antibiotics in the past 4 months has a weak urinary stream has not noticed any blood in the urine does not have any pain with urination or ejaculatory dysfunction Past Medical History: type 2 diabetes mellitus nephrolithiasis, treated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy essential tremor Medications: metformin, canagliflozin, propranolol Allergies: sulfa drugs Social History: sexually active with his wife; does not use condoms consistently has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 50 years drinks one to two glasses of beer weekly Physical Examination Temp Pulse Resp BP O2 Sat Ht Wt BMI 37°C (98.6°F) 72/min 16/min 134/81 mm Hg – 183 cm (6 ft) 105 kg (231 lb) 31 kg/m2 Appearance: no acute distress Pulmonary: clear to auscultation Cardiac: regular rate and rhythm; normal S1, S2; S4 gallop Abdominal: overweight; no tenderness, guarding, masses, bruits, or hepatosplenomegaly Extremities: no joint erythema, edema, or warmth; dorsalis pedis, radial, and femoral pulses intact Genitourinary: no lesions or discharge Rectal: slightly enlarged, smooth, nontender prostate Neurologic: alert and oriented; cranial nerves grossly intact; no focal neurologic deficits

A 59-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of frequent urination. He has to urinate every 1–2 hours during the day and wakes up at least 2–3 times at night to urinate. He also reports that over the last 2 months, he has difficulty initiating micturition and the urinary stream is weak, with prolonged terminal dribbling. His pulse is 72/min, and blood pressure is 158/105 mm Hg. Rectal exam shows a smooth, symmetrically enlarged prostate without any tenderness or irregularities. Prostate-specific antigen is within the reference range and urinalysis shows no abnormalities. A postvoid ultrasound shows a residual bladder volume of 110 mL. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 67-year-old man presents to his primary care physician complaining of frequent urination overnight. He states that for several years he has had trouble maintaining his urine stream along with the need for frequent urination, but the nighttime urination has only recently started. The patient also states that he has had 2 urinary tract infections in the last year, which he had never had previously. On exam, his temperature is 98.8°F (37.1°C), blood pressure is 124/68 mmHg, pulse is 58/min, and respirations are 13/min. On digital rectal exam, the prostate is enlarged but feels symmetric and smooth. Which of the following is a possible consequence of this condition?

Three hours after undergoing open proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis, a 42-year-old male complains of abdominal pain. The pain is localized to the periumbilical and hypogastric regions. A total of 20 mL of urine has drained from his urinary catheter since the end of the procedure. Temperature is 37.2°C (98.9°F), pulse is 92/min, respirations are 12/min, and blood pressure is 110/72 mm Hg. Pulse oximetry on room air shows an oxygen saturation of 99%. Physical examination shows a 20 cm vertical midline incision and an ileostomy in the right lower quadrant. There is no fluid drainage from the surgical wounds. The urinary catheter flushes easily and is without obstruction. Cardiopulmonary examination shows no abnormalities. Serum studies show a blood urea nitrogen of 30 mg/dL and a creatinine of 1.3 mg/dL. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 65-year-old African American man presents for follow-up examination with a 6-month history of urinary hesitancy, weak stream, and terminal dribbling, which is refractory to a combination therapy of finasteride and tamsulosin. The patient’s past medical history is otherwise unremarkable. His father and brother were diagnosed with prostate cancer at the age of 55 years. His vital signs are within normal limits. The patient has a normal anal sphincter tone and a bulbocavernosus muscle reflex. Digital rectal exam (DRE) reveals a prostate size equivalent to 2 finger pads with a hard nodule and without fluctuance or tenderness. Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level is 5 ng/mL. Which of the following investigations is most likely to establish a definitive diagnosis?

An 8-year-old boy and his 26-year-old babysitter are brought into the emergency department with severe injuries caused by a motor vehicle accident. The child is wheeled to the pediatric intensive care unit with a severe injury to his right arm, as well as other external and internal injuries. He is hemorrhaging and found to be hemodynamically unstable. He subsequently requires transfusion and surgery, and he is currently unconscious. The pediatric trauma surgeon evaluates the child’s arm and realizes it will need to be amputated at the elbow. Which of the following is the most appropriate course of action to take with regards to the amputation?

A 28-year-old woman comes to the physician with a history of bright red blood in her stools for 3 days. She has defecated once per day. She does not have fever, pain on defecation, or abdominal pain. She was treated for a urinary tract infection with levofloxacin around 3 months ago. Menses occur at regular intervals of 28–30 days and lasts 3–4 days. Her father died of colon cancer 4 years ago. Her only medication is an iron supplement. She is 162 cm (5 ft 4 in) tall and weighs 101.2 kg (223 lbs); BMI is 38.3 kg/m2. Her temperature is 36.5°C (97.7°F), pulse is 89/min, and blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg. Rectal examination shows anal skin tags. Anoscopy shows multiple enlarged bluish veins above the dentate line at 7 and 11 o'clock positions. When asked to exhale through a closed nostril a mass prolapses but spontaneously reduces when breathing normally. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?