Gastric surgery procedures — MCQs

A 54-year-old man comes to the physician because of generalized fatigue and numbness of his legs and toes for 5 months. He has hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. He underwent a partial gastrectomy for peptic ulcer disease 15 years ago. Current medications include amlodipine and atorvastatin. He is a painter. His temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 101/min, respirations are 17/min, and blood pressure is 122/82 mm Hg. Examination shows conjunctival pallor and glossitis. Sensation to vibration and position is absent over the lower extremities. He has a broad-based gait. The patient sways when he stands with his feet together and closes his eyes. His hemoglobin concentration is 10.1 g/dL, leukocyte count is 4300/mm3, and platelet count is 110,000/mm3. Which of the following laboratory findings is most likely to be seen in this patient?

A 2-month-old girl is brought to the physician for a well-child examination. She was born at 32 weeks' gestation and weighed 1616 g (3 lb 9 oz); she currently weighs 2466 g (5 lb 7 oz). She is exclusively breastfed and receives vitamin D supplementation. Physical examination shows no abnormalities apart from low height and weight. This patient is at increased risk for which of the following complications?

A 22-year-old primigravid woman comes to the physician for her initial prenatal visit at 12 weeks' gestation. She has had generalized fatigue and shortness of breath over the past 2 months. She has also had a tingling sensation in her toes for the past month. Three years ago, she was treated for gonorrhea. She follows a strict vegan diet since the age of 13 years. Her temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 111/min, and blood pressure is 122/80 mm Hg. Examination shows pale conjunctivae and a shiny tongue. Muscle tone and strength is normal. Deep tendon reflexes are 2+ bilaterally. Sensation to vibration and position is decreased over the upper and lower extremities. When asked to stand, hold her arms in front of her, and close her eyes, she loses her balance and takes a step backward. Which of the following is most likely to have prevented this patient's condition?

A 47-year-old man comes to the physician for gradual onset of fatigue for the last 4 months. He also reports shortness of breath and difficulty concentrating. His friends have told him that he appears pale. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for the last 20 years. He does not drink alcohol. His vital signs are within normal limits. Neurological examination shows reduced sensation to light touch and pinprick in the toes bilaterally. Laboratory studies show: Hemoglobin 8.2 g/dL Mean corpuscular volume 108 μm3 Leukocyte count 4,200/mm3 Serum Thyroid-stimulating hormone 2.6 μU/mL Iron 67 μg/dL Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) 51 ng/L (N = 170–900) Folic acid 13 ng/mL (N = 5.4–18) An oral dose of radiolabeled vitamin B12 is administered, followed by an intramuscular injection of nonradioactive vitamin B12. A 24-hour urine sample is collected and urine vitamin B12 levels are unchanged. The procedure is repeated with the addition of oral intrinsic factor, and 24-hour urine vitamin B12 levels increase. The patient is at increased risk for which of the following?

A 57-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician with a chief complaint of epigastric pain that has worsened over the past three weeks. She describes it as sudden “gnawing” sensations that last for up to half a minute before subsiding. She finds some relief after a glass of water, but does not associate relief or exacerbation around mealtimes. The patient denies any radiation of the pain, fever, weight loss, fatigue, or change in stool color and quality. She does not take any medications, and says her diet includes lots of spicy and smoked foods. The physician refers her for an upper endoscopy, which reveals evidence of duodenal ulcers and mild gastroesophageal reflux. The pathology report reveals focal intestinal metaplasia and gastric dysplasia in the stomach, but no Helicobacter pylori infection. How should the physician advise this patient?

A CT scan of the abdomen reveals a mass in the pancreatic uncinate process. Which of the following structures is most likely to be compressed by this mass?

A 45-year-old bank manager is brought to the emergency department by ambulance after vomiting bright red blood while at work. He is also complaining of abdominal pain that is 10/10 in intensity, stabbing, and relentless. He had a similar yet less severe abdominal pain off and on for the last 2 weeks. Eating food and drinking milk seemed to make the pain a little more tolerable. When he arrives at the hospital his heart rate is 115/min, and blood pressure is 100/70 mm Hg. On physical exam, he appears pale. A nasogastric tube is placed and removes 30 ml of bright red fluid from his stomach. An intravenous line is started and a bolus of fluids is administered. After stabilizing the patient, an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is performed. There is a fair amount of residual blood in the stomach but no other abnormalities are noted. However, a bleeding duodenal ulcer is found on the posteromedial wall of the second portion of the duodenum. Which vessels listed below is the most likely blood supply to this section of the duodenum?

A 63-year-old woman comes to the physician because of diarrhea and weakness after her meals for 2 weeks. She has the urge to defecate 15–20 minutes after a meal and has 3–6 bowel movements a day. She also has palpitations, sweating, and needs to lie down soon after eating. One month ago, she underwent a distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. She had post-operative pneumonia, which was treated with cefotaxime. She returned from a vacation to Brazil 6 weeks ago. Her immunizations are up-to-date. She is 165 cm (5 ft 5 in) tall and weighs 51 kg (112 lb); BMI is 18.6 kg/m2. Vital signs are within normal limits. Examination shows a well-healed abdominal midline surgical scar. The abdomen is soft and nontender. Bowel sounds are hyperactive. Rectal examination is unremarkable. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 44-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with confusion starting this morning. Her husband states that she initially complained of abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fatigue after eating. She has vomited 3 times and progressively became more confused. Her past medical history is notable for morbid obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, a sleeve gastrectomy 1 month ago, and depression with multiple suicide attempts. Her temperature is 98.0°F (36.7°C), blood pressure is 104/54 mmHg, pulse is 120/min, respirations are 15/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. Her physical exam is notable for generalized confusion. Laboratory values are ordered as seen below. Serum: Na+: 139 mEq/L Cl-: 100 mEq/L K+: 3.9 mEq/L HCO3-: 24 mEq/L BUN: 22 mg/dL Glucose: 41 mg/dL Creatinine: 1.1 mg/dL Ca2+: 10.2 mg/dL C-peptide level: normal Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 37-year-old man presents to the physician. He has been overweight since childhood. He has not succeeded in losing weight despite following different diet and exercise programs over the past several years. He has had diabetes mellitus for 2 years and severe gastroesophageal reflux disease for 9 years. His medications include metformin, aspirin, and pantoprazole. His blood pressure is 142/94 mm Hg, pulse is 76/min, and respiratory rate is 14/min. His BMI is 36.5 kg/m2. Laboratory studies show: Hemoglobin A1C 6.6% Serum Fasting glucose 132 mg/dL Which of the following is the most appropriate surgical management?