Depression — MCQs

A 52-year-old man presents with a 1-month history of a depressed mood. He says that he has been “feeling low” on most days of the week. He also says he has been having difficulty sleeping, feelings of being worthless, difficulty performing at work, and decreased interest in reading books (his hobby). He has no significant past medical history. The patient denies any history of smoking, alcohol use, or recreational drug use. A review of systems is significant for a 7% unintentional weight gain over the past month. The patient is afebrile and his vital signs are within normal limits. A physical examination is unremarkable. The patient is prescribed sertraline 50 mg daily. On follow-up 4 weeks later, the patient says he is slightly improved but is still not feeling 100%. Which of the following is the best next step in the management of this patient?

A 27-year-old man presents to his physician for a checkup. At presentation, he complains of anxiety and persistent mood changes. The patient's comorbidities include chronic gastritis treated with Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy, and chronic pyelonephritis with stage 1 chronic kidney disease. His grandfather who was a heavy smoker just passed away due to metastatic lung cancer. The patient has an 8-year-history of smoking, and he is concerned about consequences of his habit. He says that he tried to quit several times with nicotine patches, but he is unsuccessful because of the unpleasant symptoms and returning anxiety. Moreover, his tobacco use increased for the past 12 months due to increased anxiety due to his job and family problems, which could not be relieved by previous consumption levels. He still wants to stop smoking due to the health concerns. The patient's vital signs and physical examination are unremarkable. The physician considers prescribing the patient a partial nicotine agonist, and conducts a further testing to see whether the patient is eligible for this medication. Which of the following tests is required to be performed prior to prescribing this medication to the presented patient?

A 50-year-old woman presents to her family physician 6 months after the death of her husband, who died following a car accident. She is crying inconsolably and reports that she no longer enjoys doing the things she and her husband once did together. She feels guilty for the time she wasted arguing with him in the past. She finds herself sleeping on most mornings, but still lacks the energy and concentration needed at work. The physical examination is normal. Based on a well-known hypothesis, which of the following combinations of neurotransmitter abnormalities most likely exist in this patient?

A 43-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her daughter because she has been intermittently crying for 6 hours and does not want to get out of bed. Her symptoms started after she was fired yesterday from her job of 20 years. She says she feels sad and does not understand what she will do with her life now. She uses an over-the-counter inhaler as needed for exercise-induced asthma, and recently started oral isotretinoin for acne. She used to smoke a pack of cigarettes per day, but for the last year she has decreased to 2 cigarettes daily. She appears sad and very upset. Her temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 110/min, respirations are 20/min, and blood pressure is 140/80 mm Hg. Physical examination shows no other abnormalities. On mental status examination, she is oriented to person, place, and time. She maintains eye contact and follows instructions. She denies suicidal ideation. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this finding?

A 22-year-old female presents to your clinic for evaluation of "skin problems." She complains of severe acne and "spots" all over her face that have persisted for the last 8 years, despite innumerable creams and lotions. She reports spending several hours every morning using make-up just to go outside. She wishes to learn about cosmetic procedures or surgeries that could solve her problem. While you perceive her concern for her skin to be genuine, upon examination, you note a healthy-appearing, well-nourished female with a normal complexion, minimal acne and sparse freckles on the nasal bridge. You calculate her BMI to be 21. In addition to making a diagnosis, this patient should be screened for which other disorder?

A 69-year-old woman presents to the clinic with one week of suicidal ideation. She has a history of depression that began after her husband passed away from a motor vehicle accident seven years ago. At the time, she attempted to overdose on over-the-counter pills, but was able to recover completely. Her depression had been adequately controlled on sertraline until this past week. Aside from her depression, she has a history of hypertension, which is controlled with hydrochlorothiazide. The patient is retired and lives alone. She spends her time gardening and is involved with her local community center. On further questioning, the patient states that she does not have an organized plan, but reveals that she did purchase a gun two years ago. She denies tobacco, alcohol, or illicit substances. Which of the following is this patient’s most significant risk factor for completed suicide?

A 22-year-old college student comes to the physician because of depressed mood and fatigue for the past 5 weeks. He has been feeling sad and unmotivated to attend his college classes. He finds it particularly difficult to get out of bed in the morning. He has difficulty concentrating during lectures and often feels that he is less intelligent compared to his classmates. In elementary school, he was diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and treated with methylphenidate; he stopped taking this medication 4 years ago because his symptoms had improved during high school. He has smoked two packs of cigarettes daily for 8 years; he feels guilty that he has been unable to quit despite numerous attempts. During his last attempt 3 weeks ago, he experienced increased appetite and subsequently gained 3 kg (6 lb 10 oz) in a week. Mental status examination shows psychomotor retardation and restricted affect. There is no evidence of suicidal ideation. Which of the following is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy?

A 42-year-old female presents to her primary care provider for an annual checkup. She reports feeling sad over the past few months for no apparent reason. She has lost interest in swimming, which she previously found enjoyable. Additionally, she has had trouble getting a full night’s sleep and has had trouble concentrating during the day. She has lost 15 pounds since her last visit one year prior. Which of the following sets of neurotransmitter levels is associated with this patient’s condition?

A 35-year-old banker is brought to a medical clinic by his concerned wife. For the past 3 weeks, he has not been eating well and has had a 10 kg (22 lb) weight loss. He wakes up very early in the mornings and feels extremely despondent. He no longer goes out on the weekends to hang out with his close friends nor does he go on date nights with his wife. He feels guilty for letting his friends and family down recently. He additionally has a history of fibromyalgia and deals with daily pain. What would be the most appropriate treatment plan for this patient?

A 28-year-old woman presents with depressed mood lasting for most days of the week for the past month. She also mentions that she has lost her appetite for the past 3 weeks. She adds that her job performance has significantly deteriorated because of these symptoms, and she feels like she will have to quit her job soon. Upon asking about her hobbies, she says that she used to enjoy dancing and music but does not have any desire to do them anymore. The patient’s husband says that she has had many sleepless nights last month. The patient denies any history of smoking, alcohol intake, or use of illicit substances. No significant past medical history. Physical examination is unremarkable. Routine laboratory tests are all within normal limits. Which of the following clinical features must be present, in addition to this patient’s current symptoms, to confirm the diagnosis of a major depressive episode?