Cardiovascular — MCQs

A 65-year-old man comes to his primary care physician for a routine health maintenance examination. He takes no medications. Physical examination and laboratory studies show no abnormalities. Compared to a healthy adolescent, this patient is most likely to have which of the following changes in immune function?

A 44-year-old female with a 3-year history of biliary colic presents with acute cholecystitis. After further evaluation, she undergoes a laparoscopic cholecystectomy without complication. Which of the following is true following this procedure?

A 33-year-old pilot is transported to the emergency department after she was involved in a cargo plane crash during a military training exercise in South Korea. She is conscious but confused. She has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. Physical examination shows numerous lacerations and ecchymoses over the face, trunk, and upper extremities. The lower extremities are cool to the touch. There is continued bleeding despite the application of firm pressure to the sites of injury. The first physiologic response to develop in this patient was most likely which of the following?

A 35-year-old woman presents with exertional dyspnea and fatigue for the past 3 weeks. She says there has been an acute worsening of her dyspnea in the past 5 days. On physical examination, the mucous membranes show pallor. Cardiac exam is significant for the presence of a mid-systolic murmur loudest in the 2nd left intercostal space. A CBC and peripheral blood smear show evidence of microcytic, hypochromic anemia. Which of the following parts of the GI tract is responsible for the absorption of the nutrient whose deficiency is most likely responsible for this patient’s condition?

A 30-year-old gravida 1 woman comes to the office for a prenatal visit. She is at 20 weeks gestation with no complaints. She is taking her prenatal vitamins but stopped the prescribed ferrous sulfate because it was making her constipated. Urinalysis shows trace protein. Uterine fundus is the expected size for a 20-week gestation. Just before leaving the examination room, she stops the physician and admits to eating laundry detergent. She is embarrassed and fears she is going crazy. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 53-year-old man comes to the physician because of fatigue, recurrent diarrhea, and an 8-kg (17.6-lb) weight loss over the past 6 months. He has a 4-month history of recurrent blistering rashes on different parts of his body that grow and develop into pruritic, crusty lesions before resolving spontaneously. Physical examination shows scaly lesions in different phases of healing with central, bronze-colored induration around the mouth, perineum, and lower extremities. Laboratory studies show: Hemoglobin 10.1 mg/dL Mean corpuscular volume 85 μm3 Mean corpuscular hemoglobin 30.0 pg/cell Serum Glucose 236 mg/dL Abdominal ultrasonography shows a 3-cm, solid mass located in the upper abdomen. This patient's mass is most likely derived from which of the following types of cells?

A 25-year-old patient is brought into the emergency department after he was found down by the police in 5 degree celsius weather. The police state the patient is a heroin-user and is homeless. The patient's vitals are T 95.3 HR 80 and regular BP 150/90 RR 10. After warming the patient, you notice his left lower leg is now much larger than his right leg. On exam, the patient has a loss of sensation on his left lower extremity. There is a faint palpable dorsalis pedal pulse, but no posterior tibial pulse. The patient is unresponsive to normal commands, but shrieks in pain upon passive stretch of his left lower leg. What is the most probable cause of this patient's condition?

A 35-year-old man presents to the physician’s clinic due to episodic chest pain over the last couple of months. He is currently pain-free. His chest pain occurs soon after he starts to exercise, and it is rapidly relieved by rest. He recently started training for a marathon after a decade of a fairly sedentary lifestyle. He was a competitive runner during his college years, but he has only had occasional exercise since then. He is concerned that he might be developing some heart disease. He has no prior medical issues and takes no medications. The family history is significant for hypertension and myocardial infarction in his father. His vital signs include: pulse 74/min, respirations 10/min, and blood pressure 120/74 mm Hg. The ECG test is normal. The physician orders an exercise tolerance test that has to be stopped after 5 minutes due to the onset of chest pain. Which of the following contributes most to the decreasing cardiac perfusion in this patient's heart?

A 33-year-old man is evaluated by paramedics after being found unconscious outside of his home. He has no palpable pulses. Physical examination shows erythematous marks in a fern-leaf pattern on his lower extremities. An ECG shows ventricular fibrillation. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's findings?

A medical student is studying human physiology. She learns that there is a membrane potential across cell membranes in excitable cells. The differential distribution of anions and cations both inside and outside the cells significantly contributes to the genesis of the membrane potential. Which of the following distributions of anions and cations best explains the above phenomenon?