Autonomic/CV Drugs — MCQs

A 32-year-old woman is found unconscious on the office floor just before lunch by her colleagues. She had previously instructed them on the location of an emergency kit in case this ever happened so they are able to successfully inject her with the substance inside. Her past medical history is significant for type 1 diabetes for which she takes long acting insulin as well as periprandial rapid acting insulin injections. She has previously been found unconscious once before when she forgot to eat breakfast. The substance inside the emergency kit most likely has which of the following properties.

Following gastric surgery, a 45-year-old woman complains of severe nausea and vomiting on the 2nd postoperative day. On physical examination, her vitals are stable and examination of the abdomen reveals no significant abnormality. The patient is already receiving a maximum dosage of ondansetron. Metoclopramide is given, and she experiences significant relief from nausea and vomiting. Which of the following best explains the mechanism of action of this drug?

A 23-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by ambulance following a motor vehicle accident. He was pinned between 2 cars for several hours. The patient has a history of asthma. He uses an albuterol inhaler intermittently. The patient was not the driver, and admits to having a few beers at a party prior to the accident. His vitals in the ambulance are stable. Upon presentation to the emergency department, the patient is immediately brought to the operating room for evaluation and surgical intervention. It is determined that the patient’s right leg has a Gustilo IIIC injury in the mid-shaft of the tibia with a severely comminuted fracture. The patient’s left leg suffered a similar injury but with damage to the peroneal nerve. The anesthesiologist begins to induce anesthesia. Which of the following agents would be contraindicated in this patient?

An otherwise healthy 76-year-old man is brought to the physician because of poor sleep for the past several years. Every night he has been sleeping less and taking longer to fall asleep. During the day, he feels tired and has low energy and difficulty concentrating. Sleep hygiene and relaxation techniques have failed to improve his sleep. He would like to start a short-term pharmacological therapy trial but does not want a drug that makes him drowsy during the day. Which of the following is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for this patient?

A 57-year-old man is brought to the emergency department for worsening pain and swelling of his left ankle for the past 2 hours. The pain is severe and awakened him from sleep. He has hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Current medications include hydrochlorothiazide and pravastatin. His temperature is 37.8°C (100.1°F), pulse is 105/min, and blood pressure is 148/96 mm Hg. Examination shows exquisite tenderness, erythema, and edema of the left ankle; active and passive range of motion is limited by pain. Arthrocentesis of the ankle joint yields cloudy fluid with a leukocyte count of 19,500/mm3 (80% segmented neutrophils). Gram stain is negative. A photomicrograph of the joint fluid aspirate under polarized light is shown. Which of the following is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy?

A 23-year-old woman with asthma is brought to the emergency department because of shortness of breath and wheezing for 20 minutes. She is unable to speak more than a few words at a time. Her pulse is 116/min and respirations are 28/min. Pulse oximetry on room air shows an oxygen saturation of 92%. Examination of the lungs shows decreased breath sounds and scattered end-expiratory wheezing over all lung fields. Treatment with high-dose continuous inhaled albuterol is begun. This patient is at increased risk for which of the following adverse effects?

A 57-year-old man presents to the emergency department with shortness of breath. He was eating dinner with his family during the holidays and felt very short of breath, thus prompting him to come in. The patient has a past medical history of diabetes, hypertension, 2 myocardial infarctions, and obesity. Physical exam is notable for bilateral pulmonary crackles and a jugular venous distension. Chest radiography reveals an enlarged cardiac silhouette and blunting of the costophrenic angles. The patient is started on a medication for his acute symptoms. Two hours later, he states his symptoms have vastly improved and repeat chest radiography is notable for an enlarged cardiac silhouette. Which of the following is a property of the medication most likely given?

A 30-year-old woman presents to her physician for her annual checkup. She has diabetes mellitus, type 1 and takes insulin regularly. She reports no incidents of elevated or low blood sugar and that she is feeling energetic and ready to face the morning every day. Her vital signs and physical are normal. On the way home from her checkup she stops by the pharmacy and picks up her prescription of insulin. Later that night she takes a dose. What is the signaling mechanism associated with this medication?

A 54-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. One week ago, he was treated in the emergency department for chest pain, palpitations, and dyspnea. As part of his regimen, he was started on a medication that irreversibly inhibits the synthesis of thromboxane A2 and prostaglandins. Which of the following is the most likely adverse effect of this medication?

An investigator is studying brachial artery reactivity in women with suspected coronary heart disease. The brachial artery diameter is measured via ultrasound before and after intra-arterial injection of acetylcholine. An increase of 7% in the vascular diameter is noted. The release of which of the following is most likely responsible for the observed effect?