Autonomic/CV Drugs — MCQs

A 57-year-old male presents with a primary complaint of erectile dysfunction. After proper evaluation, the patient is started on daily administration of sildenafil. This medication directly causes accumulation of which of the following intracellular mediators?

A 75-year-old female patient comes to the emergency department with altered mental status. She is brought in by her daughter with whom the patient lives. The patient’s daughter said they were watching TV when her mother became unresponsive. On exam the patient withdraws to pain but does not open her eyes or speak. An emergent head CT is done and shows an intracranial bleed. The patient is moved to the ICU and intubated. Further history is obtained from the daughter. The patient has a past medical history of diabetes and a previous stroke. Her medications are metformin and warfarin. The patient is compliant with all of her medications. The daughter says that the patient changed her diet about 1 month ago in response to a diet she saw on a talk show. Which of the following foods is most likely to cause the pathology seen in this patient?

A 72-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of increasing abdominal pain for 6 hours. The pain is dull and diffuse over her abdomen and radiates to her lower back bilaterally. Three weeks ago, she was diagnosed with atrial fibrillation and started on warfarin. Her only other medication is 1 g of acetaminophen daily for osteoarthritis of her knees. Her pulse is 87/min and blood pressure is 112/75 mm Hg. Physical examination shows abdominal tenderness to palpation at both lower quadrants. A CT scan of the abdomen shows a retroperitoneal mass and hazy margins of the surrounding structures. In addition to discontinuation of warfarin, the most appropriate next step in management is administration of which of the following?

A 26-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 26 weeks’ gestation, comes to the emergency department because of pain and swelling in her right calf. Physical examination shows an increased circumference of the right calf. The leg is warm and tender on palpation. Dorsiflexion of the right foot elicits calf pain. An ultrasound of the right leg shows a noncompressible popliteal vein. Which of the following is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for this patient's condition?

A 36-year-old man presents to a psychiatrist for management of nicotine dependence. He has been a heavy smoker for the past 20 years. He has unsuccessfully attempted to quit smoking many times. He has seen multiple physicians for nicotine dependence. They prescribed nicotine replacement therapy and varenicline. He has also taken two antidepressants and participated in talk therapy. He asks the psychiatrist whether there are other alternatives. The psychiatrist explains that nicotine replacement therapy, non-nicotine pharmacotherapy, and talk therapy are the best options for the management of nicotine dependence. He tells the patient he can take a second-line medication for non-nicotine pharmacotherapy because the first-line medication failed. Which of the following medications would the psychiatrist most likely use to manage this patient’s nicotine dependence?

A 27-year-old woman develops progressive difficulty breathing after a long day of chores in a dusty house. These chores included brushing the family dog, vacuuming, dusting, and sweeping. She occasionally gets these episodes once or twice a year and has her medication on hand. Her symptoms are reversed by inhaling a β2-adrenergic receptor agonist. Which of the following chemical mediators is responsible for this patient’s breathing difficulties?

A 65-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of chest pain that begins after walking at a brisk pace for 2 blocks. The pain does not radiate anywhere and is hard to localize. He has had similar episodes in the past 6 months and was prescribed sublingual nitroglycerin, which helps relieve the pain. The patient has hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. He takes lisinopril and metformin daily. He appears well. His temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 75/min, and blood pressure is 145/90 mm Hg. Examination shows a regular heart rhythm. S1 and S2 are normal. The lungs are clear to auscultation. There is no peripheral edema. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the improvement of this patient's chest pain?

A 55-year-old male is started on nitrate therapy for treatment of stable angina. He experiences significant and immediate relief of his symptoms within minutes of starting therapy. Approximately 48 hours after initiating this new medication, he notes return of chest pain and pressure with exertion that no longer responds to continued nitrate use. Which of the following 24-hour dosing schedules would most likely explain this patient's response to nitrate treatment?

A 51-year-old male presents to his primary care provider for a normal check-up. He reports that he “hasn’t felt like himself” recently. He describes feeling down for the past 8 months since his mother passed away. He has had trouble sleeping and has unintentionally lost 15 pounds. He feels guilty about his mother’s death but cannot articulate why. His performance at work has declined and he has stopped running, an activity he used to enjoy. He has not thought about hurting himself or others. Of note, he also complains of numbness in his feet and fingers and inability to maintain an erection. His past medical history is notable for diabetes. He is on metformin. His temperature is 98.6°F (37°C), blood pressure is 125/65 mmHg, pulse is 90/min, and respirations are 16/min. On exam, he is alert and oriented with intact memory and normal speech. He appears tired with a somewhat flattened affect. The best medication for this patient inhibits which of the following processes?

Ten days after starting a new medication, a 60-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after a 3-minute episode of myoclonic jerking movements and urinary incontinence. After regaining consciousness, the patient had no recollection of what happened and seemed confused. He has bipolar disorder, which has been controlled with maintenance therapy for the past 15 years. Physical examination shows dry oral mucosa, muscle fasciculations, and bilateral hand tremors. His speech is slow, and he is disoriented. Which of the following drugs most likely precipitated this patient's current condition?