Autonomic/CV Drugs — MCQs

A 15-year-old adolescent boy presents to his pediatrician for his scheduled follow-up after he was prescribed low-dose methylphenidate for treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder 4 weeks ago. On follow-up, his mother reports mild improvement in his symptoms, but she also notes that his appetite has decreased significantly after starting the medication. This has led to a 1.6 kg (3.5 lb) weight loss over the last 4 weeks. His mother also reports that she no longer wants to continue the drug. Which of the following is the next drug of choice for pharmacological management of the condition?

A 58-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with a 3-week history of increasing pain in his legs and feet. Specifically, he says that he has been getting electric shock sensations that started in his feet, but have progressed up his leg. In addition, the pain is accompanied by numbness and tingling in his hands and feet bilaterally. His past medical history is significant for poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Given these symptoms, his physician prescribes a new drug to help him cope with these symptoms. Which of the following is the mechanism of action for the medication that was most likely prescribed in this case?

A 69-year-old man with history of coronary artery disease necessitating angioplasty and stent placement presents to the ED due to fever, chills, and productive cough for one day. He is started on levofloxacin and admitted because of his comorbidity and observed tachypnea of 35 breaths per minute. He is continued on his home medications including aspirin, clopidogrel, metoprolol, and lisinopril. He cannot ambulate as frequently as he would like due to his immediate dependence on oxygen. What intervention should be provided for deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis in this patient while hospitalized?

A 64-year-old male presents to the emergency room with difficulty breathing. He recently returned to the USA following a trip to Singapore. He reports that he developed pleuritic chest pain, shortness of breath, and a cough. His temperature is 99°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 140/85 mmHg, pulse is 110/min, and respirations are 24/min. A spiral CT reveals a pulmonary embolus in the right segmental pulmonary artery. Results from a complete blood count are all within normal limits. He is admitted and started on unfractionated heparin. Four days later, the patient develops unprovoked epistaxis. A complete blood count reveals the following: Leukocyte count: 7,000/mm^3 Hemoglobin: 14 g/dl Hematocrit: 44% Platelet count 40,000/mm^3 What is the underlying pathogenesis of this patient’s condition?

A 52-year-old tow truck driver presents to the emergency room in the middle of the night complaining of sudden onset right ankle pain. He states that the pain came on suddenly and woke him up from sleep. It was so severe that he had to call an ambulance to bring him to the hospital since he was unable to drive. He has a history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, for which he takes lisinopril and metformin. He has no other medical problems. The family history is notable for hypertension on his father's side. The vital signs include: blood pressure 126/86 mm Hg, heart rate 84/min, respiratory rate 14/min, and temperature 37.2°C (99.0°F). On physical exam, the patient's right ankle is swollen, erythematous, exquisitely painful, and warm to the touch. An arthrocentesis is performed and shows negatively birefringent crystals on polarized light. Which of the following is the best choice for treating this patient's pain?

A 34-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with sudden onset of painful vision loss in her left eye. The patient is otherwise healthy with a history only notable for a few emergency department presentations for numbness and tingling in her extremities with no clear etiology of her symptoms. Her temperature is 100°F (37.8°C), blood pressure is 122/83 mmHg, pulse is 100/min, respirations are 15/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. Examination of the patient's cranial nerves reveals an inability to adduct the left eye when the patient is asked to look right. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment?

A 24-year-old woman in graduate school comes to the physician for recurrent headaches. The headaches are unilateral, throbbing, and usually preceded by blurring of vision. The symptoms last between 12 and 48 hours and are only relieved by lying down in a dark room. She has approximately two headaches per month and has missed several days of class because of the symptoms. Physical examination is unremarkable. The patient is prescribed an abortive therapy that acts by inducing cerebral vasoconstriction. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism of action of this drug?

A 38-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 4-month history of crampy abdominal pain, recurrent watery diarrhea, and a 2.5-kg (5.5-lb) weight loss. Her husband has noticed that after meals, her face and neck sometimes become red, and she develops shortness of breath and starts wheezing. Examination shows a grade 3/6 systolic murmur heard best at the left lower sternal border. The abdomen is soft, and there is mild tenderness to palpation with no guarding or rebound. Without treatment, this patient is at greatest risk of developing which of the following conditions?

A 20-year-old man is found lying unconscious on the floor of his room by his roommate. The paramedics arrive at the site and find him unresponsive with cold, clammy extremities and constricted, non-reactive pupils. He smells of alcohol and his vital signs show the following: blood pressure 110/80 mm Hg, pulse 100/min, and respiratory rate 8/min. Intravenous access is established and dextrose is administered. The roommate suggests the possibility of drug abuse by the patient. He says he has seen the patient sniff a powdery substance, and he sees the patient inject himself often but has never confronted him about it. After the initial assessment, the patient is given medication and, within 5–10 minutes of administration, the patient regains consciousness and his breathing improves. He is alert and cooperative within the next few minutes. Which of the following drugs was given to this patient to help alleviate his symptoms?

A 65-year-old man presents to the physician with pain in his right calf over the last 3 months. He mentions that the pain typically occurs after he walks approximately 100 meters and subsides after resting for 5 minutes. His medical history is significant for hypercholesterolemia, ischemic heart disease, and bilateral knee osteoarthritis. His current daily medications include aspirin and simvastatin, which he has taken for the last 2 years. The physical examination reveals diminished popliteal artery pulses on the right side. Which of the following drugs is most likely to improve this patient's symptoms?