Autonomic/CV Drugs — MCQs

A 52-year-old man presents his primary care physician for follow-up. 3 months ago, he was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metformin was started. Today, his HbA1C is 7.9%. The physician decides to add pioglitazone for better control of hyperglycemia. Which of the following is a contraindication to pioglitazone therapy?

A 40-year-old male in West Virginia presents to the emergency room complaining that his vision has deteriorated within the past several hours to the point that he can no longer see. He explains that some acquaintances sold him some homemade liquor and stated that it was pure as it burned with a "yellow flame." Which of the following if administered immediately after drinking the liquor would have saved his vision?

A 32-year-old woman presents to the clinic for routine follow-up. She recently discovered that she is pregnant and is worried about taking medications throughout her pregnancy. She has a history of hypothyroidism and takes levothyroxine daily. Her vital signs are unremarkable. Her physical exam is consistent with the estimated 11-week gestation time. Which of the following statements regarding levothyroxine use during pregnancy is correct?

A 61-year-old female with a history of breast cancer currently on chemotherapy is brought by her husband to her oncologist for evaluation of a tremor. She reports that she developed a hand tremor approximately six months ago, prior to the start of her chemotherapy. The tremor is worse at rest and decreases with purposeful movement. She has experienced significant nausea and diarrhea since the start of her chemotherapy. Her past medical history is also notable for diabetes and hypertension treated with metformin and lisinopril, respectively. She takes no other medications. On examination, there is a tremor in the patient’s left hand. Muscle tone is increased in the upper extremities. Gait examination reveals difficulty initiating gait and shortened steps. Which of the following medications is contraindicated in the management of this patient’s nausea and diarrhea?

A 65-year-old man with a history of myocardial infarction is admitted to the hospital for treatment of atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response. He is 180 cm (5 ft 11 in) tall and weighs 80 kg (173 lb). He is given an intravenous bolus of 150 mg of amiodarone. After 20 minutes, the amiodarone plasma concentration is 2.5 mcg/mL. Amiodarone distributes in the body within minutes, and its elimination half-life after intravenous administration is 30 days. Which of the following values is closest to the volume of distribution of the administered drug?

A 10-year-old boy comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. He was diagnosed with asthma one year ago and uses an albuterol inhaler as needed. His mother reports that he has had shortness of breath on exertion and a dry cough 3–4 times per week over the past month. Pulmonary examination shows expiratory wheezing in all lung fields. Treatment with low-dose inhaled mometasone is initiated. Which of the following recommendations is most appropriate to prevent complications from this treatment?

A 40-year-old man is bitten by a copperhead snake, and he is successfully treated with sheep hyperimmune Fab antivenom. Six days later, the patient develops an itchy abdominal rash and re-presents to the emergency department for medical care. He works as a park ranger. His medical history is significant for gout, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus type II, and multiple basal cell carcinomas on his face and neck. He currently smokes 1 pack of cigarettes per day, drinks a 6-pack of beer per day, and currently denies any illicit drug use. His vital signs include: temperature 40.0°C (104.0°F), blood pressure 126/74 mm Hg, heart rate 111/min, and respiratory rate 23/min. On physical examination, his gait is limited by diffuse arthralgias, and he has clear breath sounds bilaterally and normal heart sounds. There is also a pruritic abdominal serpiginous macular rash which has spread to involve the back, upper trunk, and extremities. Of the following options, which best describes the mechanism of his reaction?

A 9-year-old boy with cerebral palsy is about to undergo a femoral osteotomy. An intravenous catheter needs to be placed; however, given prior experience the boy is extremely anxious and does not want to be stuck with a needle while awake. The decision is made to administer appropriate anesthesia by mask first before any other procedures are performed. An inhalation agent that would anesthetize most quickly has which of the following characteristics?

A 53-year-old woman presents to a medical clinic complaining of diarrhea. She also has episodes during which her face becomes red and she becomes short of breath. These symptoms have been ongoing for the past few months. Five years ago she had an appendectomy. The medical history is otherwise not significant. On physical examination, her vital signs are normal. Wheezing is heard at the bases of the lungs bilaterally. A CT scan reveals multiple small nodules in the liver. A 24-hr urine collection reveals increased 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). Which of the following is the next best step in the management of the patient?

A 54-year-old man presents to the office for consultation regarding the results of recent laboratory studies. Medical history includes stage 3 chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, and hypertension, which is currently well controlled with lisinopril and furosemide. The vital signs include: temperature 36.7°C (98.0°F), blood pressure 126/74 mm Hg, heart rate 87/min, and respiratory rate 17/min. On physical examination, the heart sounds show a grade 3/6 holosystolic murmur heard best at the left upper sternal border, breath sounds are clear, no abnormal abdominal findings, and 2+ pedal edema of the bilateral lower extremities up to the knee. The patient has a 23-pack-year history of cigarette smoking. The results of the laboratory studies of serum include the following: ALT 20 U/L AST 19 U/L Total cholesterol 249 mg/dL LDL 160 mg/dL HDL 41 mg/dL Triglycerides 101 mg/dL Initiation of therapy with which of the following agents is most appropriate for the management of hyperlipidemia in this patient?