Autonomic/CV Drugs — MCQs

A 64-year-old woman with osteoarthritis presents to the emergency room with a 2-day history of nausea and vomiting. Over the past few weeks, the patient has been taking painkillers to control worsening knee pain. Physical examination reveals scleral icterus and tender hepatomegaly. The patient appears confused. Laboratory investigations reveal the following enzyme levels: Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 845 U/L Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 798 U/L Alkaline phosphatase 152 U/L Which of the following is the most appropriate antidote for the toxicity seen in this patient?

A 45-year-old man comes to the physician because of numbness and tingling in his fingers and toes for the past month. He also describes difficulty with balance while walking. Laboratory studies show a hemoglobin concentration of 9.5 g/dL. Serum homocysteine and methylmalonic acid levels are elevated. Peripheral blood smear shows hypersegmented neutrophils. Which of the following is most likely to have prevented this patient's condition?

A 54-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with sudden shortness of breath. A CT scan shows multiple nodules in her left lung. She reports that for the past 6 months, she has been feeling tired and depressed. She also has frequently felt flushed, which she presumed is a symptom of getting closer to menopause. On physical examination, a nodule with a size of 2.5 cm is palpable in the left lobe of the thyroid gland; the nodule is firm and non-tender. Cervical lymphadenopathy is present. Cytology obtained by fine needle aspiration indicates a high likelihood of thyroid carcinoma. Laboratory findings show a serum basal calcitonin of 620 pg/mL. A thyroidectomy is performed but the patient presents again to the ER with flushing and diarrhea within 6 weeks. Considering this patient, which of the following treatment options should be pursued?

A 35-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of headache, palpitations, diarrhea, and weight loss. She takes no medications. Her pulse is 110/min and blood pressure is 125/70 mm Hg. Examination shows warm, moist skin and diffuse hyperreflexia. An MRI of the brain shows a sellar mass. The underlying cause of this patient's condition is best explained by binding of a ligand to which of the following?

A 58-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of right lower extremity pain and burning while walking. The pain subsides with rest. She has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for the past 30 years. Her current medications include metformin, atorvastatin, and aspirin. Examination shows a lack of hair and decreased skin temperature over the right foot. The right pedal pulse is not palpable. The physician adds a drug to her regimen that causes vasodilation and inhibits the aggregation of platelets and the proliferation of smooth muscle cells. Which of the following drugs was most likely added?

A newborn male, delivered by emergency Cesarean section during the 28th week of gestation, has a birth weight of 1.2 kg (2.5 lb). He develops rapid breathing 4 hours after birth. Examination of the respiratory system reveals a respiratory rate of 80/min, expiratory grunting, intercostal and subcostal retractions with nasal flaring. His chest radiograph shows bilateral diffuse reticulogranular opacities and poor lung expansion. His echocardiography suggests a diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus with left-to-right shunt and signs of fluid overload. The pediatrician administers intravenous indomethacin to facilitate closure of the duct. Which of the following effects best explains the mechanism of action of this drug in the management of this neonate?

A 39-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of fatigue, decreased sexual desire, and difficulty achieving an erection. He has no past medical history except for a traumatic brain injury he sustained in a motor vehicle accident 4 months ago. At that time, neuroimaging studies showed no abnormalities. Physical examination shows bilateral gynecomastia and a thin white nipple discharge. Decreased production of which of the following is the most likely underlying cause of this patient's current condition?

A 64-year-old man presents to the emergency department with acute onset of chest pain. He says the pain is substernal and radiates to his left arm. He has a history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, erectile dysfunction, benign prostate hyperplasia, and panic disorder. He takes aspirin, lisinopril, metformin, sildenafil, prazosin, and citalopram. An electrocardiogram shows new ST-elevations in the lateral leads. He undergoes catherization, which reveals a complete blockage of the left circumflex artery. A stent is placed, and the patient is discharged with clopidogrel and isosorbide mononitrate. Five days later the patient presents to the emergency department complaining of fainting spells. The patient’s temperature is 97°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 89/53 mmHg, and pulse is 90/min. Physical examination is unremarkable. An electrocardiogram reveals lateral Q waves without ST or T wave abnormalities. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the patient’s presentation?

A 27-year-old woman comes to her primary care physician complaining of palpitations. She reports that for the past 2 months she has felt anxious and states that her heart often feels like it’s “racing.” She also complains of sweating and unintentional weight loss. Physical examination reveals symmetrical, non-tender thyroid enlargement and exophthalmos. After additional testing, the patient is given an appropriate treatment for her condition. She returns 2 weeks later complaining of worsening of her previous ocular symptoms. Which of the following treatments did the patient most likely receive?

A 56-year-old male with history of CHF presents to a trauma center following a motor vehicle accident. On arrival, his Glasgow Coma Scale score is 8, and he is found to have increased intracranial pressure. Mannitol is administered. Which of the following side effects of the drug would you most likely observe in this patient?