Autonomic/CV Drugs — MCQs

A 79-year-old man presents to a physician’s office for a routine appointment. He had a myocardial infarction 3 years ago and was started on aspirin, carvedilol, captopril, and high-dose atorvastatin. He denies shortness of breath or cough. He exercises regularly and is on a healthy diet that is good for his heart. The vital signs include: pulse 80/min, respirations 16/min and blood pressure 122/80 mm Hg. The physical examination reveals an overweight male with a body mass index (BMI) of 28 kg/m2. The fasting lipid profile is as follows: Total cholesterol 200 mg/dL High-density lipoprotein (HDL) 35 mg/dL Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) 140 mg/dL Triglycerides 120 mg/dL Which of the following drugs should be added to his regimen?

A 21-year-old primigravid woman comes to the physician at 10 weeks' gestation because of progressive fatigue for the past 3 weeks. She reports that she has had a 3.2-kg (7-lb) weight loss after conceiving despite an increase in appetite. She has become increasingly anxious and has trouble falling asleep. There is no personal or family history of serious illness. Medications include folic acid and a multivitamin. She is 165 cm (5 ft 5 in) tall and weighs 55 kg (120 lb); BMI is 20 kg/m2. Her temperature is 37.4°C (99.4°F), pulse is 120/min, respirations are 18/min, and blood pressure is 150/70 mm Hg. The globes of the eyes are prominent. The thyroid gland is firm and diffusely enlarged. Neurologic examination shows a fine resting tremor of the hands. There is a midsystolic click at the apex and a grade 2/6 early systolic murmur at the upper left sternal border. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration is 0.1 μU/mL. An ECG is normal except for sinus tachycardia. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 55-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus presents to her physician with intermittent nausea for the past 2 months. Her symptoms are exacerbated within one hour after eating. She has no other history of a serious illness. She takes metformin and injects insulin. Her vitals are normal. Abdominal examination is normal. An ECG shows normal sinus rhythm with no evidence of ischemia. Hemoglobin A1c is 7%. A gastric emptying scan shows 60% of her meal in the stomach 75 minutes after eating. Which of the following is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy at this time?

A 50-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of a severely painful right eye. The pain started an hour ago and is accompanied by frontal headache and nausea. The patient has vomited twice since the onset of the pain. He has type 2 diabetes mellitus. He immigrated to the US from China 10 years ago. He works as an engineer at a local company and has been under a great deal of stress lately. His only medication is metformin. Vital signs are within normal limits. The right eye is red and is hard on palpation. The right pupil is mid-dilated and nonreactive to light. The left pupil is round and reactive to light and accommodation. Which of the following agents is contraindicated in this patient?

A 25-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after his girlfriend discovered him at home in a minimally responsive state. He has a history of drinking alcohol excessively and using illicit drugs. On arrival, he does not respond to commands but withdraws all extremities to pain. His pulse is 90/min, respirations are 8/min, and blood pressure is 130/90 mm Hg. Pulse oximetry while receiving bag-valve-mask ventilation shows an oxygen saturation of 95%. Examination shows cool, dry skin, with scattered track marks on his arms and legs. The pupils are pinpoint and react sluggishly to light. His serum blood glucose level is 80 mg/dL. The most appropriate next step in management is intravenous administration of which of the following?

A 23-year-old male presents to the emergency room following a gunshot wound to the leg. On arrival his temperature is 99°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 90/60 mmHg, pulse is 112/min, respirations are 21/min, and pulse oximetry is 99% on room air. Two large bore IVs are placed and he receives crystalloid fluid replacement followed by 2 units of crossmatched packed red blood cells. Immediately following transfusion, his temperature is 102.2°F (39°C), blood pressure is 93/64 mmHg, pulse is 112/min, respirations are 21/min, and pulse oximetry is 99% on room air. There is oozing from his IV sites. You check the records and realize there was a clerical error with the blood bank. What is the mechanism for his current condition?

A 61-year-old man presents to the emergency department for the evaluation of polyuria, polydipsia, and confusion. He has a history of the psychiatric disease but is unable to provide additional details. He is admitted to the hospital and his home medications are continued. Routine testing is unrevealing for the etiology of his symptoms. Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) is given, but no effect is seen on urine output or urine osmolarity. Which of the following medications could have induced this syndrome?

A 51-year-old woman schedules an appointment with her physician with complaints of upper abdominal pain, nausea, and early satiety for the last 6 months. She has type 1 diabetes for the past 10 years and is on subcutaneous insulin therapy. She complains of occasional heartburn and lost 4.5 kg (10 lb) in the past 6 months without any changes in her diet. The medical history is significant for long QT syndrome. The vital signs include: pulse 74/min, respirations 18/min, temperature 37.7°C (99.9°F), and blood pressure 140/84 mm Hg. Abdominal examination is negative for organomegaly or a palpable mass, but there is a presence of succussion splash. She has slightly decreased vision in both her eyes and fundoscopy reveals diabetic changes in the retina. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy is performed, which is negative for obstruction, but a small ulcer is noted near the cardiac end of the stomach with some food particles. Which of the following drugs would be inappropriate in the management of this patient's condition?

A 30-year-old man comes to the physician for follow-up evaluation for hypertension. He reports a 1-month history of episodic throbbing headaches, palpitations, and paroxysmal sweating. Blood pressure is 160/90 mm Hg. He appears pale but physical examination is otherwise unremarkable. Laboratory studies show elevated urine and plasma metanephrines. A CT scan of the abdomen shows a mass in the left adrenal gland. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial pharmacotherapy for this patient?

Thirty minutes after vaginal delivery of a 2780-g (6-lb 2-oz) newborn at term, a 25-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 1, has heavy vaginal bleeding. Her pregnancy was complicated by pre-eclampsia. Her pulse is 111/min and blood pressure is 95/65 mm Hg. Physical examination shows a fundal height 2 inches below the xiphoid process of the sternum. A drug with which of the following mechanisms of action is most appropriate for this patient?