Autonomic/CV Drugs — MCQs

A 45-year-old Caucasian man is given nitroglycerin for the management of his stable angina. Nitroglycerin given for the rapid relief of acute angina would most likely be given through what route of administration?

A 28-year-old man comes to his general practitioner for a regular checkup. He has had trouble breathing lately with coughing, shortness of breath, and wheezing. Problems first started when he went running (outside), but he is also observing the problems when taking a light walk or resting. As a child, he suffered from atopic dermatitis, just like his father and sister. He also has a history of hay fever. What is the most likely cause of his symptoms?

A 66-year-old gentleman presents to a new primary care physician to establish care after a recent relocation. His past medical history is significant for gout, erectile dysfunction, osteoarthritis of bilateral knees, mitral stenosis, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. He denies any past surgeries along with the use of any tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs. He has no known drug allergies and cannot remember the names of the medications he is taking for his medical problems. He states that he has recently been experiencing chest pain with strenuous activities. What part of the patient's medical history must be further probed before starting him on a nitrate for chest pain?

A 7-year-old boy with asthma is brought to the emergency department because of a 1-day history of shortness of breath and cough. Current medications are inhaled albuterol and beclomethasone. His temperature is 37°C (98.6°F) and respirations are 24/min. Pulmonary examination shows bilateral expiratory wheezing. Serum studies show increased concentrations of interleukin-5. Which of the following is the most likely effect of the observed laboratory finding in this patient?

A 62-year-old man comes to the physician because of tremors in both hands for the past few months. He has had difficulty buttoning his shirts and holding a cup of coffee without spilling its content. He has noticed that his symptoms improve after a glass of whiskey. His maternal uncle began to develop similar symptoms around the same age. He has bronchial asthma controlled with albuterol and fluticasone. Examination shows a low-amplitude tremor bilaterally when the arms are outstretched that worsens during the finger-to-nose test. Which of the following is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy in this patient?

A 28-year-old woman presents to a psychiatrist with a 10-year history of unexplained anxiety symptoms. To date, she has not visited any psychiatrist, because she believes that she should not take medicines to change her emotions or thoughts. However, after explaining the nature of her disorder, the psychiatrist prescribes daily alprazolam. When she comes for her first follow-up, she reports excellent relief from her symptoms without any side-effects. The psychiatrist encourages her to continue her medication for the next 3 months and then return for a follow-up visit. After 3 months, she tells her psychiatrist that she has been experiencing excessive sedation and drowsiness over the last few weeks. The psychiatrist finds that she is taking alprazolam in the correct dosage, and she is not taking any other medication that causes sedation. Upon asking her about any recent changes in her lifestyle, she mentions that for the last 2 months, she has made a diet change. The psychiatrist tells her that diet change may be the reason why she is experiencing excessive sedation and drowsiness. Which of the following is the most likely diet change the psychiatrist is talking about?

A 45-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of recurrent headaches. The headaches are of a dull, nonpulsating quality. The patient denies nausea, vomiting, photophobia, or phonophobia. Neurologic examination shows no abnormalities. The physician prescribes a drug that irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 by covalent acetylation. Which of the following medications was most likely prescribed by the physician?

A 67-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital because of a 2-day history of fever, headache, jaw pain, and decreased vision in the right eye. Her erythrocyte sedimentation rate is 84 mm per hour. Treatment with methylprednisolone is initiated but her symptoms do not improve. The physician recommends the administration of a new drug. Three days after treatment with the new drug is started, visual acuity in the right eye increases. The beneficial effect of this drug is most likely due to inhibition of which of the following molecules?

A 43-year-old woman presents to her primary care provider for follow-up of her glucose levels. At her last visit 3 months ago, her fasting serum glucose was 128 mg/dl. At that time, she was instructed to follow a weight loss regimen consisting of diet and exercise. Her family history is notable for a myocardial infarction in her father and type II diabetes mellitus in her mother. She does not smoke and drinks 2-3 glasses of wine per week. Her temperature is 99°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 131/78 mmHg, pulse is 80/min, and respirations are 17/min. Her BMI is 31 kg/m^2. On exam, she is well-appearing and appropriately interactive. Today, despite attempting to make the appropriate lifestyle changes, a repeat fasting serum glucose is 133 mg/dl. The patient is prescribed the first-line oral pharmacologic agent for her condition. Which of the following is the correct mechanism of action of this medication?

A previously healthy 52-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 4-month history of recurrent abdominal pain, foul-smelling, greasy stools, and a 5-kg (11-lb) weight loss despite no change in appetite. Physical examination shows pain on palpation of the right upper quadrant. His fasting serum glucose concentration is 186 mg/dL. Abdominal ultrasound shows multiple round, echogenic foci within the gallbladder lumen with prominent posterior acoustic shadowing. The serum concentration of which of the following substances is most likely to be increased in this patient?