Autonomic/CV Drugs — MCQs

A 65-year-old woman is transferred to the intensive care unit after she underwent coronary stenting for a posterior-inferior STEMI. She is known to have allergies to amiodarone and captopril. A few hours after the transfer, she suddenly loses consciousness. The monitor shows ventricular fibrillation. CPR is initiated. After 3 consecutive shocks with a defibrillator, the monitor shows ventricular fibrillation. Which of the following medications should be administered next?

A 62-year-old man presents to his geriatrician due to waking several times during the night and also rising too early in the morning. He says this has worsened over the past 7 months. In the morning, he feels unrefreshed and tired. His medical history is positive for hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia. He has never been a smoker. He denies drinking alcohol or caffeine prior to bedtime. Vital signs reveal a temperature of 36.6°C (97.8°F), blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg, and heart rate of 77/min. Physical examination is unremarkable. After discussing good sleep hygiene with the patient, which of the following is the best next step in the management of this patient’s condition?

An ECG from an 8-year-old male with neurosensory deafness and a family history of sudden cardiac arrest demonstrates QT-interval prolongation. Which of the following is this patient most at risk of developing?

A 72-year-old man is brought to the emergency department from hospice. The patient has been complaining of worsening pain over the past few days and states that it is no longer bearable. The patient has a past medical history of pancreatic cancer which is being managed in hospice. The patient desires no "heroic measures" to be made with regards to treatment and resuscitation. His temperature is 98.8°F (37.1°C), blood pressure is 107/68 mmHg, pulse is 102/min, respirations are 22/min, and oxygen saturation is 99% on room air. Physical exam reveals an uncomfortable elderly man who experiences severe pain upon abdominal palpation. Laboratory values reveal signs of renal failure, liver failure, and anemia. Which of the following is the best next step in management?

A 58-year-old woman comes to the physician for evaluation of vaginal dryness and pain during sexual intercourse with her husband. Four months ago, she was diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer and is currently undergoing chemotherapy. She has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 15 years but quit when she was diagnosed with breast cancer. Physical examination shows thinning of the vaginal mucosa. A dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) study of her hip shows a T-score of -2.6. Six months ago, her T-score was -1.6. Which of the following drugs is most likely exacerbating this patient's symptoms?

A 26-year-old G1P0 presents to her first obstetric visit after having a positive urine pregnancy test at home. Her last menstrual period was 9 weeks ago. She has no past medical history, but her mother has rheumatoid arthritis. The patient states that for several weeks, she has felt especially warm, even when her co-workers do not, and had muscle weakness. She also complains of mood swings and fatigue. At this visit, her temperature is 99.0°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 140/81 mmHg, pulse is 106/min, and respirations are 17/min. Physical exam is notable for 3+ deep tendon reflexes bilaterally and 4/5 strength in both hips and shoulders. Ultrasound confirms the presence of a heart beat and shows a crown rump length that is consistent with a gestational age of 9 weeks and 3 days. Which of the following is the best therapy for this patient?

A 69-year-old man is brought to the emergency room by his daughter due to confusion. She reports that her father did not remember who she was yesterday, and his refrigerator was completely empty when she tried to make him lunch. She states that he was acting like himself when she visited him last week. She also notes that he has struggled with alcoholism for many years and has not seen a doctor in over two decades. She is unsure if he has any other chronic medical conditions. In the emergency room, the patient’s temperature is 101.2°F (38.4°C), pulse is 103/min, respirations are 22/min, and O2 saturation is 92% on room air. His BMI is 17.1 kg/m^2. Physical exam reveals an extremely thin and frail man who is not oriented to person, place, or time. As he is being examined, he becomes unresponsive and desaturates to 84%. He is intubated and admitted to the intensive care unit for what is found to be pneumonia, and the patient is started on total parental nutrition as he is sedated and has a history of aspiration from a prior hospitalization. Two days later, physical exam is notable for new peripheral edema. Laboratory tests at that time reveal the following: Serum: Na+: 133 mEq/L Cl-: 101 mEq/L K+: 2.4 mEq/L HCO3-: 24 mEq/L BUN: 22 mg/dL Glucose: 124 mg/dL Creatinine: 1.1 mg/dL Phosphate: 1.1 mg/dL Mg2+: 1.0 mg/dL Which of the following could have prevented the complication seen in this patient?

A 60-year-old patient is at his physician’s office for a routine health maintenance exam. The patient has a past medical history of osteoarthritis in his right knee and GERD that is well-controlled with over the counter medication. On a fasting lipid profile, he is found to have high cholesterol. The patient is started on daily atorvastatin to reduce his risk of cardiovascular disease. What is the major apolipoprotein found on the lipoprotein most directly affected by his statin medication?

A new drug X is being tested for its effect on renal function. During the experiments, the researchers found that in patients taking substance X, the urinary concentration of sodium decreases while urine potassium concentration increase. Which of the following affects the kidneys in the same way as does substance X?

A 7-year-old girl presents with a low-grade fever, lethargy, and fatigue for the past week. The patient’s mother says she also complains of leg pain for the past couple of weeks. No significant past medical history. The patient was born at term via spontaneous transvaginal delivery with no complications. On physical examination, the patient shows generalized pallor. Cervical lymphadenopathy is present. A bone marrow biopsy is performed which confirms the diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The patient is started on a chemotherapy regimen consisting of vincristine, daunorubicin, L-asparaginase, and prednisolone for induction, followed by intrathecal methotrexate for maintenance. Following the 4th cycle of chemotherapy, she develops bilateral ptosis. Physical examination shows a normal pupillary reflex and eye movements. She is started on pyridoxine and pyridostigmine, and, in 7 days, she has complete resolution of the ptosis. Which of the following drugs is most likely associated with this patient’s adverse reaction?