Autonomic/CV Drugs — MCQs

A 30-year-old woman presents to a medical clinic for a routine check-up. She gained about 5 kg (11 lb) since the last time she weighed herself 3 months ago. She also complains of constipation and sensitivity to cold. She also noticed her hair appears to be thinning. The patient started to use combined oral contraceptives a few months ago and she is compliant. On physical examination, the temperature is 37.0°C (98.6°F), the blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg, the pulse is 65/min, and the respiratory rate is 14/min. The laboratory results are as follows: Thyroxine (T4), total 25 ug/dL Thyroxine (T4), free 0.8 ng/dL TSH 0.2 mU/L Which of the following is the main mechanism of action of the drug that caused her signs and symptoms?

A 54-year-old female presents to her primary care physician with recurrent episodes of flushing. At first she attributed these symptoms to hormonal changes. However, lately she has also been experiencing episodes of explosive, watery diarrhea. She has also noticed the onset of heart palpitations. Her vital signs are within normal limits. Her physical exam is notable for an elevated jugular venous pressure (JVP). Echocardiography shows tricuspid insufficiency. Urine 5-HIAA is elevated. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 35-year-old woman comes to the physician for evaluation of a 6-month history of persistent rhinorrhea and nasal congestion. She works in retail and notices her symptoms worsen anytime she is exposed to strong perfumes. Her symptoms have worsened since winter began 2 months ago. She has not had fever, nausea, wheezing, itching, or rash. She has no history of serious illness or allergies. She takes no medications. Her vital signs are within normal limits. Examination shows congested nasal mucosa, enlarged tonsils, and pharyngeal postnasal discharge. The remainder of the examination shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

An 18-year-old girl comes to the clinic because she is concerned about her weight. She states that she is on her school’s cheerleading team and is upset because she feels she is the “fattest” girl on the team despite her healthy diet. She says that in the last 2 weeks since practice began, she has lost 2 lbs. The patient has bipolar disorder I. Her medications include lithium and a combined oral contraceptive that was recently started by her gynecologist, because “everyone is on it." Her mother has hypothyroidism and is treated with levothyroxine. The patient’s BMI is 23.2 kg/m2. Thyroid function labs are drawn and shown below: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): 4.0 mIU/L Serum thyroxine (T4): 18 ug/dL Free thyroxine (Free T4): 1.4 ng/dl (normal range: 0.7-1.9 ng/dL) Serum triiodothyronine (T3): 210 ng/dL Free triiodothyronine (T3): 6.0 pg/mL (normal range: 3.0-7.0 pg/mL) Which of the following is the most likely cause of the patient’s abnormal lab values?

A 45-year-old woman comes to the physician because of early satiety and intermittent nausea for 3 months. During this period she has also felt uncomfortably full after meals and has vomited occasionally. She has not had retrosternal or epigastric pain. She has longstanding type 1 diabetes mellitus, diabetic nephropathy, and generalized anxiety disorder. Current medications include insulin, ramipril, and escitalopram. Vital signs are within normal limits. Examination shows dry mucous membranes and mild epigastric tenderness. Her hemoglobin A1C concentration was 12.2% 3 weeks ago. Which of the following drugs is most appropriate to treat this patient's current condition?

A 58-year-old woman with New York Heart Association Class III heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and bipolar disorder presents to the urgent care center with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, double vision, and describes seeing green/yellow outlines around objects. Her current medications include ramipril, bisoprolol, spironolactone, digoxin, amiodarone, and lithium. Of the following, which medication is most likely responsible for her symptoms?

A 70-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of progressive shortness of breath and a dry cough. He has also noticed gradual development of facial discoloration. He has not had fevers. He has coronary artery disease, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation. He does not smoke or drink alcohol. He does not remember which medications he takes. His temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 90/min, respirations are 18/min, and blood pressure is 150/85 mm Hg. Pulse oximetry on room air shows an oxygen saturation of 95%. Examination shows blue-gray discoloration of the face and both hands. Diffuse inspiratory crackles are heard. Laboratory studies show: Prothrombin time 12 seconds (INR=1.0) Serum Na+ 142 mEq/L Cl- 105 mEq/L K+ 3.6 mEq/L HCO3- 25 mg/dL Urea Nitrogen 20 Creatinine 1.2 mg/dL Alkaline phosphatase 70 U/L Aspartate aminotransferase (AST, GOT) 120 U/L Alanine aminotransferase (ALT, GPT) 110 U/L An x-ray of the chest shows reticular opacities around the lung periphery and particularly around the lung bases. The most likely cause of this patient's findings is an adverse effect to which of the following medications?

A 66-year-old woman presents to the emergency department complaining of palpitations. She says that she has been experiencing palpitations and lightheadedness for the past 6 months, but before this morning the episodes usually resolved on their own. The patient's medical history is significant for a transient ischemia attack 2 months ago, hypertension, and diabetes. She takes aspirin, metformin, and lisinopril. She states her grandfather died of a stroke, and her mom has a "blood disorder." An electrocardiogram is obtained that shows an irregularly irregular rhythm with rapid ventricular response, consistent with atrial fibrillation. She is given intravenous metoprolol, which resolves her symptoms. In addition to starting a beta-blocker for long-term management, the patient meets criteria for anticoagulation. Both unfractionated heparin and warfarin are started. Five days later, the patient begins complaining of pain and swelling of her left lower extremity. A Doppler ultrasound reveals thrombosis in her left popliteal and tibial veins. A complete blood count is obtained that shows a decrease in platelet count from 245,000/mm^3 to 90,000/mm^3. Coagulation studies are shown below: Prothrombin time (PT): 15 seconds Partial thromboplastin time (PTT): 37 seconds Bleeding time: 14 minutes Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 52-year-old man presents to the emergency room after a syncopal episode. The patient is awake, alert, and oriented; however, he becomes lightheaded whenever he tries to sit up. The medical history is significant for coronary artery disease and stable angina, which are controlled with simvastatin and isosorbide dinitrate, respectively. The blood pressure is 70/45 mm Hg and the heart rate is 110/min; all other vital signs are stable. IV fluids are started as he is taken for CT imaging of the head. En route to the imaging suite, the patient mentions that he took a new medication for erectile dysfunction just before he began to feel ill. What is the metabolic cause of this patient’s symptoms?

A 47-year-old man with bipolar I disorder and hypertension comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of increased thirst, urinary frequency, and sleep disturbance. He says that he now drinks up to 30 cups of water daily. He has smoked 2 packs of cigarettes daily for the past 20 years. Examination shows decreased skin turgor. Serum studies show a sodium concentration of 149 mEq/L, a potassium concentration of 4.1 mEq/L, and an elevated antidiuretic hormone concentration. His urine osmolality is 121 mOsm/kg H2O. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for these findings?