Autonomic/CV Drugs — MCQs

A 23-year-old primigravid woman at 8 weeks' gestation is brought to the emergency department by her husband because of increasing confusion and high-grade fever over the past 16 hours. Three days ago, she was prescribed metoclopramide by her physician for the treatment of nausea and vomiting. She has a history of depression. Current medications include fluoxetine. She is confused and not oriented to time, place, or person. Her temperature is 39.8°C (103.6°F), pulse is 112/min, and blood pressure is 168/96 mm Hg. Examination shows profuse diaphoresis and flushed skin. Muscle rigidity is present. Her deep tendon reflexes are decreased bilaterally. Mental status examination shows psychomotor agitation. Laboratory studies show: Hemoglobin 12.2 g/dL Leukocyte count 17,500/mm3 Serum Creatinine 1.4 mg/dL Total bilirubin 0.7 mg/dL Alkaline phosphatase 45 U/L AST 122 U/L ALT 138 U/L Creatine kinase 1070 U/L Which of the following drugs is most likely to also cause the condition that is responsible for this patient’s current symptoms?

Which of the following compounds is most responsible for the maintenance of appropriate coronary blood flow?

A 55-year-old female with a history of poorly controlled hyperlipidemia and obesity presents to her primary care physician for a follow-up visit. She reports that she feels well and has no complaints. She currently takes atorvastatin. Her temperature is 99°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 135/80 mmHg, pulse is 80/min, and respirations are 16/min. Her BMI is 31 kg/m2. Her total cholesterol is 290 mg/dl, triglycerides are 120 mg/dl, and LDL cholesterol is 215 mg/dl. Her physician considers starting her on a medication that forces the liver to consume cholesterol to make more bile salts. Which of the following adverse effects is this patient at highest risk of developing following initiation of the medication?

A 27-year-old woman comes to the physician because of poor sleep for the past 8 months. She has been gradually sleeping less because of difficulty initiating sleep at night. She does not have trouble maintaining sleep. On average, she sleeps 4–5 hours each night. She feels tired throughout the day but does not take naps. She was recently diagnosed with social anxiety disorder and attends weekly psychotherapy sessions. Mental status examination shows an anxious mood. The patient asks for a sleeping aid but does not want to feel drowsy in the morning because she has to drive her daughter to kindergarten. Short-term treatment with which of the following drugs is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for this patient's symptoms?

A 24-year-old woman is brought into the emergency department by an ambulance after swallowing a bottle of pain medication in a suicide attempt. According to her parents, she recently had a fight with her boyfriend and was acting very depressed. She claims to not remember what she had taken. Further inquiry reveals she is experiencing nausea and feeling quite dizzy. She also repeatedly asks if anyone else can hear a ringing sound. Her pulse is 105/min, respirations are 24/min, and temperature is 38.2°C (100.8°F). Examination reveals mild abdominal tenderness. The patient is visibly agitated and slightly confused. The following lab values are obtained: Arterial blood gas analysis pH 7.35 Po2 100 mm Hg Pco2 20 mm Hg HCO3- 12 mEq/L Which of the following pain medications did this patient most likely take?

A 55-year-old woman comes to the emergency room 30 minutes after the sudden onset of chest pain radiating to the left shoulder. Prior to the onset of her symptoms, she was lying in bed because of a migraine headache. Episodes of similar chest pain usually resolved after a couple of minutes. She has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 20 years. Her only medication is sumatriptan. An ECG shows ST-segment elevations in the anterior leads. Serum troponins are negative on two successive blood draws and ECG shows no abnormalities 30 minutes later. Administration of which of the following is most likely to prevent further episodes of chest pain in this patient?

A healthy 48-year-old presents for a well-patient visit. He has no symptoms and feels well. Past medical history is significant for asthma, chronic sinusitis, and nasal polyps. He occasionally takes diphenhydramine for allergies. Both of his parents and an elder brother are in good health. Today, his blood pressure is 119/81 mm Hg, heart rate is 101/min, respiratory rate is 21/min, and temperature 37°C (98.6°F). Routine screening blood work reveals elevated total cholesterol. The patient asks if he should take low-dose aspirin to reduce his risk of stroke and heart attack. Of the following, which is the best response?

An 82-year-old man comes to the physician complaining of frequent urination, especially at night, and difficulty initiating urination. However, he points out that his symptoms have improved slightly since he started terazosin 2 months ago. He has a history of stable angina. Other medications include nitroglycerin, metoprolol, and aspirin. His blood pressure is 125/70 mm Hg and pulse is 72/min. On examination, the urinary bladder is not palpable. He has a normal anal sphincter tone and a bulbocavernosus muscle reflex. Digital rectal exam shows a prostate size equivalent to three finger pads without fluctuance or tenderness. The 24-hour urinary volume is 2.5 liters. Laboratory studies show: Urine Protein negative RBC none WBC 1–2/hpf Hemoglobin negative Bacteria none Ultrasonography shows an estimated prostate size of 50 grams, a post-void residual volume of 120 mL, and urinary bladder wall trabeculation without any hydronephrosis. In addition to controlled fluid intake, which of the following is the most appropriate additional pharmacotherapy at this time?

A 68-year-old man seeks evaluation at an office with a complaint of breathlessness of several months duration. He is able to do his daily tasks, but says that he is not as efficient as before. His breathlessness has been progressive with the recent onset of a dry cough. The past medical history is significant for a cardiac arrhythmia that is being treated with an anti-arrhythmic. He has never smoked cigarettes and is a social drinker. His pulse is 87/min and regular and the blood pressure is 135/88 mm Hg. Bilateral basal inspiratory crackles are present on auscultation of the chest from the back. A chest X-ray image shows peripheral reticular opacities with a coarse reticular pattern. A high-resolution CT scan of the chest reveals patchy bibasilar reticular opacities. Which of the following medications is most likely responsible for this patient’s condition?

A 36-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of lightheadedness, weakness, and abdominal pain for 6 hours. Over the past 3 days, she has also had severe nausea, vomiting, and watery diarrhea. She was diagnosed with pulmonary sarcoidosis 2 years ago. Current medications include prednisone. Her temperature is 38.9°C (102.0°F), pulse is 112/min, and blood pressure is 85/50 mm Hg. Physical examination shows a round face with prominent preauricular fat pads. Her fingerstick blood glucose concentration is 48 mg/dL. Further evaluation is most likely to show which of the following laboratory changes?