Autonomic/CV Drugs — MCQs

A 31-year-old woman comes to the physician because of intermittent episodes of stabbing right lower jaw pain for 6 weeks. The pain is severe, sharp, and lasts for a few seconds. These episodes commonly occur when she washes her face, brushes her teeth, or eats a meal. She does not have visual disturbances, weakness of her facial muscles, or hearing loss. Five weeks ago, she had an episode of acute bacterial sinusitis, which was treated with antibiotics. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial treatment for this patient's condition?

A 25-year-old woman presents to an urgent care center following a bee sting while at a picnic with her friends. She immediately developed a skin rash and swelling over her arm and face. She endorses diffuse itching over her torso. Past medical history is significant for a mild allergy to pet dander and ragweed. She occasionally takes oral contraceptive pills and diphenhydramine for her allergies. Family history is noncontributory. Her blood pressure is 119/81 mm Hg, heart rate is 101/min, respiratory rate is 21/min, and temperature is 37°C (98.6°F). On physical examination, the patient has severe edema over her face and severe stridor with inspiration at the base of both lungs. Of the following options, this patient is likely experiencing which of the following hypersensitivity reactions?

A 23-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of a 2-day history of painful swelling of the right hand. There is no associated recent trauma. Physical examination shows a 3 × 3-cm area of induration that is fluctuant and warm to the touch, consistent with an abscess. The patient consents to incision and drainage of the abscess in the emergency department. Following evaluation of the patient's allergy status, a short-acting, local anesthetic drug is administered via subcutaneous infiltration. Which of the following local anesthetics would provide the shortest duration of analgesia?

A 49-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department for a severe, sudden-onset generalized headache that began while she was riding an exercise bike at home that morning. After quickly getting off the bike and lying down, she lost consciousness. She was unconscious for a period of one minute. When she regained consciousness, she had neck stiffness, nausea, and two episodes of vomiting. She has hypertension. She does not smoke or drink alcohol. Her current medications include chlorthalidone and a multivitamin. She is in severe distress. Her temperature is 37.3°C (99.1F°), pulse is 88/min, respirations are 18/min, and blood pressure is 169/102 mm Hg. A CT scan of the head without contrast shows hyperdense material between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater. The patient is taken to the operating room for surgical clipping and transferred to the intensive care unit. Five days later, she has new-onset focal weakness of her left lower extremity. Her temperature is 37.1°C (98.8°F), pulse is 70/min, respirations are 17/min, and blood pressure is 148/90 mm Hg. Strength is 3/5 in the left lower extremity and 5/5 in the right lower extremity. Which of the following would most likely have been able to prevent this patient's condition?

A 72-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of severe pain in her right lower leg for 3 hours. She has also had worsening tingling that started 3 hours before. She has never had such pain in her leg in the past. Over the last couple months, she has occasionally had episodes of palpitations. She has hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Current medications include hydrochlorothiazide and lisinopril. Her pulse is 88/min and her blood pressure is 135/80 mm Hg. Physical examination shows a cool and pale right leg with delayed capillary filling. Muscle strength and tone in the right calf and foot are reduced. Femoral pulse is present bilaterally. Pedal pulses are absent on the right. Inhibition of which of the following would have most likely prevented this patient's condition?

A 27-year-old homeless man presents to the emergency department with abdominal pain and vomiting. He has a known history of intravenous drug use and has been admitted to the hospital several times before. On physical examination his temperature is 99°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 130/85 mmHg, pulse is 90/min, respirations are 19/min, and pulse oximetry is 99% on room air. The patient is in obvious discomfort. There is increased salivation and lacrimation. Pupils are reactive to light and 5 mm bilaterally. Cardiopulmonary exam is unremarkable. There is diffuse abdominal tenderness to palpation with no rebound or guarding. Which of the following interventions would have prevented this patient’s current condition?

A 45-year-old man with a history of recurrent gouty arthritis comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. Four weeks ago, he was diagnosed with hyperuricemia and treatment with allopurinol was begun. Since then, he has had another acute gout attack, which resolved after treatment with ibuprofen. His temperature is 37.1°C (98.8°F). Physical examination shows painless, chalky nodules on the metatarsophalangeal joint of his right foot. Laboratory studies show: Serum Creatinine 1.0 mg/dL Uric acid 8.5 mg/dL Cholesterol 278 mg/dL Urine Uric acid 245 mg/24 h (N = 240-755) From a pharmacological mechanism perspective, based on the urine findings, this patient would theoretically benefit from treatment with which of the following drugs to prevent future gout attacks?

A group of investigators is studying a drug to treat refractory angina pectoris. This drug works by selectively inhibiting the late influx of sodium ions into cardiac myocytes. At high doses, the drug also partially inhibits the degradation of fatty acids. Which of the following is the most likely effect of this drug?

A 35-year-old woman comes to the physician because of recurring episodes of headache for the past 5 months. During this period, she has had headaches for approximately 20 days per month. The episodes last for about 2 hours each. She describes the headaches as dull, pressing, and non-pulsating holocranial pain. The symptoms do not increase with exertion. She has no vomiting, nausea, phonophobia, or photophobia. She has two children and has had a great deal of stress lately due to frequent fights with her husband. She appears well. Vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for this patient?

A 47-year-old female presents to her primary care physician complaining of diarrhea and fatigue. She reports an eight-month history of increasingly frequent diarrhea, fatigue, and muscle weakness. She currently has over 15 episodes of watery diarrhea per day despite fasting. Her past medical history is notable for diabetes that is well controlled with metformin. Her temperature is 98.6°F (37°C), blood pressure is 100/70 mmHg, pulse is 95/min, and respirations are 18/min. Physical examination is notable for mild diffuse abdominal pain and facial flushing. An upper endoscopy is performed and the stomach is found to be less acidic than normal. In addition to correcting this patient’s dehydration, which of the following medications is most appropriate in the management of this patient?